82 NEW-YORK FAUNA. 
snout and the angle of the jaw, is a small cirrus on each side, and anterior to this the opening 
of a mucous duct; from this extend along the inner sides of the jaw, 10-12 distant cirri or 
beards, of which the posterior are longest. Teeth in both jaws, fine and card-like. ‘The 
tongue smooth. 'The pharynx is paved with teeth, flattened on their crowns. 
The first dorsal fin triangular, with ten spinous rays; the first very short; the second 
shorter than the third, which is longest; thence gradually diminishing backwards. The 
second dorsal continuous with the first, nearly as high, with its first ray short and spinous. 
Pectorals long and pointed, reaching as far back as the third ray of the posterior dorsal. 
Ventrals distant, rounded, with one short spinous and five branched rays. Anal fin higher 
than long; the first ray short, spinous, and very acute ; the second longer, triangular, and 
stoutly spinous; all the remainder branched, the third and fourth longer than the second 
spinous ray. 
According to Cuvier, the liver is of an ordinary size, sending off two delicate flattened 
lobes, of which the right one is narrowest. 'To this lobe is attached the long and cylindrical 
gall-bladder. The choledochus ascends into the space between the lobes of the liver, and in 
its course receives a few cystic vessels ; it afterwards becomes free, and empties into the 
duodenum behind the cecal appendages, of which there are six, half as long as the stomach. 
The air-bladder strongly attached to the vertebre in the upper third of its length, with the 
same processes noted in the other species. Kidneys large, thick, united. 'The ureters are 
of a moderate length, and end behind the rectum, quite close to it, but with no vestige of a 
urinary bladder. 
Color. Body of a dusky hue, with silvery and bronze intermixed ; after death, the general 
hue is chocolate-brown, the dusky bands becoming more intensely dark. Summit of the head 
dark brown, resembling the vestige of a band. Four dusky bands over the body ; one ante- 
rior to the dorsal, and descending to the pectorals ; the second crossing the posterior portion 
of the first dorsal, and the last two crossing the second dorsal. Pectoral fin faint yellowish ; 
the others dark brown, somewhat lighter at their bases. 
Length, 9°5. Depth, 3°5. 
Bin rays, D. 10a. 22 - Paoot Ve Loe vAr oro @aulons: 
This fish appears in our waters from the south in October and November, and sometimes 
as early as September. It has been supposed that this species is the young of the preceding ; 
but I have seen them in September, six inches long, with all the characters of the adult. It 
has various popular names, such as Grunter, Young Drum, Grunts, and Young Sheeps- 
head. From Dr. Holbrook’s figures, I infer that this species occurs on the coast of Carolina. 
Tt does not appear to extend farther north than the sea-coast of New-York. 
