FAMILY SALMONIDA. 235 
FAMILY SALMONIDE. 
Body more or less scaly. Two dorsals ; the first with articulated rays, the second adipose. 
Numerous cecal appendages, and an air-bladder. Eacessively"voracious. Great varia- 
tion in the armature of the jaws. Inhabiting fresh and salt water. 
GENUS SALMO. 
Branchial membrane with more than eight rays. Anal fin with less than thirteen rays. 
THE BROOK TROUT. 
SALMO FONTINALIS, 
PLATE XXXVIII. FIG. 120. 
S. fontinalis, New-York Trout. Murcuiuu, Report in part, &c. p. 52. 
S. id., Common Trout. Ip. Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Vol. 1, p. 345. 
Red Spotted Trout. Doucuty, Cabinet Nat. Hist. Vol. 1, p. 145, pl. 13. 
New-York Char. Ricuarpson, F. B. A. Vol. 3, p. 176, pl. 83, fig. 1, and pl. 87, fig. 2. 
S. fontinalis. STORER, Report on the Fishes of Massachusetts, p. 106, 
Characteristics. With vermilion dots, and larger yellow spots in the vicinity of the lateral 
line. Gill-covers with no defined spots. Length 6 — 20 inches. 
Description. Body oblong, compressed ; back broad and rounded. Head sloping nearly 
symmetrically from above and beneath ; equal to one-fifth of the total length, or equal to the 
interval between the ventrals and anal. Scales minute, oblong, imbedded in the skin. Late- 
ral line slightly curved downward. Nostrils equidistant between the eyes and snout, with a 
double opening ; the posterior closed by a valve. Branchial rays twelve. Labial armed with 
numerous acute incurved teeth, nearly to the extremities ; somewhat shorter on the interma- 
xillaries. Tongue with from four to six teeth on each side. About twelve recurved teeth on 
each side of the palatines, and from six to eight on the vomer. 
The first dorsal fin equidistant between the pectoral and the adipose fin ; quadrate, with its 
base equal in length to the fourth or fifth ray ; the first ray very short, and the two following 
gradually longer; from the fifth, the rays gradually diminish in length to the last; the first 
three rays simple. Adipose dorsal somewhat pointed behind, and nearly equal in length to 
the diameter of the eye; it is placed above the last four rays of the anal. Caudal deeply 
emarginate. The intestines scarcely exceed the body in length. Stomach stout and mus- 
cular, filled with remains of earth-worms, water beetles, etc. ; ceca numerous. Air-bladder 
occupying the whole length of the abdomen, simple, cylindrical, slightly tapering behind. 
Color. Body above with irregular dark markings on a horn-colored ground, which, in freshly 
taken specimens, gives bluish metallic reflections. Sides bluish, mixed with silvery white ; 
the whole underside silvery. Upper part of the head dark greenish brown, with obscure 
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