366 NEW-YORK FAUNA. 
S. americanus. (Ip. Ib. Vol. 1, p. 483;) and subsequently S. macrodons, (Iv. Am. Month. Mag. Vol. 
2, p. 328.) All the particulars given are that “it belongs to the section of Squali, which has 
nasal orifices and an anal fin;” that his body “has a great size;” and that “it has oblong sharp 
teeth, each of which has a little one on cach side of the base.” The presence of small basal 
teeth would seem to indicate its affinity with the genus Scy/liwm. 
FAMILY RAIDAz. 
Body very much flattened out, resembling a disk. Pectorals very large, uniting in front 
with the snout, and extending backwards to near the base of the ventrals, Tail more or 
less long and slender. Mouth, nostrils and branchial openings beneath. Eyes and tem- 
poral orifices above. Dorsals (when present) almost always on the tail. 
Oss. An extremely natural family, and composed of more than one hundred species, 
distributed throughout the globe. 
GENUS RAIA. Linneus, Cuvier. 
Disk rhomboidal. Tail slender; with two small dorsals near the tip, and sometimes the 
vestige of a caudal fin. Teeth slender, close set, arranged in quiacuna. 
THE CLEAR-NOSED RAY. 
Rala DIAPHANES. 
PLATE LXVII. FIG. 218. (MALE AND FEMALE.) 
Raia diaphanes, Clear-nosed Ray. Mircuiny, Trans. Lit. and Phil, Soc, Vol. 1, p. 478. 
Characteristics. Brownish, spotted. Front rounded, with the nose slightly projecting and 
prominent. Length two to three feet. 
Description. Body obscurely rhomboidal, rounded in front, concave on the sides, dilated 
and convex over the pectoral fins; in its widest part, broader than long. Sharp recurved 
prickles over the slightly elevated snout, on the space between the orbits, and on the anterior 
part of the disk. A double series of very long concealed curved spines directed inwards, on 
the pectorals. A double, and sometimes a treble row of prickles along the middle of the back, 
down along the sides of the tail, leaving a central furrow smooth and spineless. ‘Tail slen- 
der, tapering, round above, flat beneath, with a membranous expansion on each side, extend- 
ing three-fourths of the length towards the extremity, when it becomes effaced. Eyes small, 
’~ black, and furnished with a stellated membrane. ‘Temporal orifices very large, and closed 
by a stout valve, which is furnished on its edge witha row of white fleshy filaments. A 
space on each side of the snout, extending backwards nearly to the orbits, so translucent that 
any dark substance may be seen through it. This space is filled with gelatinous fluid, through 
