26 KENDALL: NEW ENGLAND SALMONS. 



many parts the steep escarpments are replaced by gentle slopes which lead, within from 

 five to 50 miles from the land, to profound depths.' 



'In order to form a proper conception of the general spring movement of salmon in 

 the sea on a grand scale it is necessary to refer to a map of Newfoundland and Labrador. 

 The distance from Burgeo Islands (longitude 57°, 40', latitude 47°, 30') on the south 

 coast of the island (Newfoundland) to Ukkasiksalik (latitude 56°) on the northern 

 Labrador is about 1500 miles. The salmon strike the whole of this long extent of coast 

 line between May 16th and July 16th, a period of 60 days. . . . The presence or the 

 the incoming of food at the spring season of the year brings the great body of salmon 

 shoreward at that period. 



'A vast army of fish bearing the colors of Salmo solar advance from the continental 

 submarine slopes in successive battaUons toward the coasts through nine degs. of lati- 

 tude as far as Fern Bay, some twenty miles beyond Ukkasikashk, for there the salmon 

 may be said to cease. They do not appear again until Ungava Bay is reached, inside of 

 Hudson Straits.' 



'We are now in a position to consider the movements of salmon in the sea as far as 

 regards the large schools of adult fish which are first taken at the headlands during the 

 earliest visible runs in the spring. The schools come inshore from deep water with and 

 against the rising tide, and begin to feed without any special regard to river estuaries 

 or fresh water, for they strike and coast about small islands and bold promontories 

 stretching far into the ocean and destitute of rivers, just as frequently as they visit the 

 headlands which guard the estuaries. They pursue a course in shallow water parallel 

 to the shore line and against the tide; they go out to sea again just as the tide begins to 

 turn, and when in deep water they turn round and swim against the ebb tide. At the 

 turn of the ebb they approach the shore again and pursue their course as before, against 

 the flood, going out to sea at the turn. Their movements, as will presently be shown, 

 are in the form of a series of loops or elUpses along the coast, the straight line connecting 

 these loops being in deep water. 



'If these movements of the feeding fish be plotted they will form a continuous Une 

 parallel to the coast, with loops in it at irregular intervals. The loops represent the 

 movements of the fish toward and on the coast, the straight parts in deep water the 

 progress up the bay or along the coast Une.' 



In the same pubhcation I. Henry Phair (1888, p. 291), of Fredericton, New Bruns- 

 wick, wrote of winter sahnon in the St. John River region. He said that in Belle Isle Bay, 

 an inlet or bay on the St. John River in New Brunswick, about 28 miles above the 

 mouth, in one season from the latter end of December to the end of March upward of 

 200 salmon were taken by one fisherman. It was stated that in the early part of winter 

 the fish were poor and dark colored, but as the season advanced they improved rapidly 

 and were exceedingly fat and well colored. The author was inchned to beUeve that the 

 Belle Isle Bay fish belonged to a late run of salmon which entered the river, deposited 

 their spawn, and on their way back to the sea, finding an abundance of food in the bay, 

 remained there for the winter and in the spring continued their journey to salt water. 



