MOVEMENTS OF SALMON IN THE SEA. 27 



These fish undoubtedly belonged to the 'winter' run of salmon which enter this river in 

 the late fall and do not spawn until the following fall one year later. 



A later article signed by 'A. N. C (1892, p. 152) in the same publication suggests 

 that the salmon of each river go out to sea sufficiently far to find conditions of tempera- 

 ture and food which suit them and there they remain separate from the salmon of other 

 rivers, until it is time for them to return to fresh water. It was stated that the move- 

 ments of salmon were governed by their food, and if they find it near the mouths of 

 rivers, there they remain, and if not, they seek it farther away, in some instances at a 

 great distance from the rivers, and apparently no particular kind of food, but quantity 

 rather, was sought. 



In support of this theory instances of winter capture of salmon were cited. Mr. 

 Blackford of Fulton Market reported that everj^ winter he got a few fish from the 

 Atlantic coast that were evidently part of schools of fish that run up into the Kennebec, 

 Penobscot, and other eastern rivers, and that during November and December 15 or 20 

 fish weighing from 12 to 24 pounds each were received. They had been caught in mack- 

 erel nets in the vicinity of Provincetown and North Truro, Mass. It was stated that 

 these nets were set out from the Cape in very deep water. Also, about the first part of 

 February, several specimens of very handsome salmon were received from Maine, 

 where they had been caught by smelt fishermen. Such records are strong indications 

 that the salmon do not necessarily go far from the coast, and the multiplicity of records 

 of winter coastwise catches strengthens the evidence. There are probably more winter 

 salmon caught than are ever brought to pubUc attention. 



According to Calderwood (1930, p. 18-19), 'In the Baltic, a regular fine fishery for 

 salmon is carried on in the neighborhood of the island of Bernholm. This fishery is 

 carried on from November to May, the lines being hung at a moderate depth and the 

 hooks baited with herring.' 



On the Atlantic coast of North America there is no special fine fishery for salmon, but 

 now and then the capture of one on a trawl in the ground-fish fishery is heard of. A few 

 of such records are referred to on following pages. 



Calderwood (1930, p. 19) says: 'In the Skagerrack between the south of Sweden and 

 the north of Denmark, men fishing for mackerel appear to capture a fair number of 

 salmon. In Ireland a regular drift-net fishery for salmon is carried on off the western 

 counties, the nets being set at distances off the coast ranging to about 15 miles. For 

 some reason or other attempts to catch salmon in this way off the coasts of Scotland 

 resulted in complete failure.' 



Salmon are more or less common on our coast during the spring and early summer, 

 and in the fall. Occasionally one is caught at sea. Spring and early summer fish have 

 been supposed to be related to the spawning runs, since in these early months some are 

 known to ascend rivers. 



In this connection Calderwood's remarks concerning the wanderings of salmon in the 

 sea are of special interest as they indicate how Uttle is known about the subject at this 

 late date even in Europe where salmon study for many years has been intensively 

 carried on, particularly in Great Britain and Norway. 



