NAMES. 105 



called by the Swedes 'Gr§,lax,' meaning in English, 'gray salmon.' Yet in all probability 

 the Silfverlax is the fish commonly referred to as the 'landlocked salmon' of Sweden, 

 although the silvery phase of the trout may be confused with it. 



In North America the local names for the so-called landlocked salmon are more 

 numerous. The Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries and Game of Maine for 1874 

 (Stilwell and Stanley 1874, p. 12) says: 'It is Imown in our State under names so various, 

 that it is almost impossible to recognize the fish saving from one's own personal ex- 

 perience. Salmo Gloveri, schoodic trout, lake shiner, white trout, silver trout, salmon 

 trout, black spotted trout, and landlocked salmon; these are a few of the names by 

 which this fish is known among us.' And on page 16 the report continues, 'We are not 

 ambitious to add another to the numerous "aliases" of this fish, but would it not be 

 better that some order should be attained out of the present confusion of nomenclature 

 by giving it the simple designation of fresh water salmonf 



The Canadian fish of the upper Saguenaj' and Lake St. John region has alwa3^s been 

 known by the Montagnais Indian name, variously spelled 'wininnish,' 'ouinenish,' 

 Wananish, or more recently 'Ouananiche.' In New Brunswick it bears, or once bore, the 

 name 'shiner.' The Nova Scotian appellation appears to be 'grayling.' Apparently it 

 was always 'salmon' in Lakes Ontario and Champlain. 



Many years ago Dr. A. Leith Adams (1873, p. 209-210) gave the fish of eastern Maine 

 the name of 'silvery salmon trout', and stated that old men of the Passamaquoddy tribe 

 of Indians distinguished it by a name that sounded Uke 'onnenook.' 



Atkins (1874, p. 292) concerning the Grand Lake salmon, wrote, 'I have it from an 

 intelligent Indian of the Passamaquoddy tribe, Piel Toma, who lives near Princeton, 

 that fifty 3'ears ago they [Atlantic salmon] were caught at Grand Lake stream on the 

 west branch [of the St. Croix River]. The Indians call the sea-salmon Pl-lahm, in dis- 

 tinction from the land-locked salmon, which they call Tag-e-wah-nahn.' 



Both this name and onnenook suggest some possible philological relationship with the 

 name ouananiche. If ever any distinctive local names were bestowed upon the Green 

 Lake and Sebec Lake fish, there appear to be no available records to that effect. Up to 

 a few years ago, at least, at Sebago Lake the fish was commonly referred to as 'trout' 

 and to distinguish it from the 'brook trout,' which was there called 'redspot,' it was 

 called, 'blackspot trout,' also sometimes 'salmon trout,' by the old inhabitants. Visit- 

 ing anglers now usually speak of it as 'salmon.' In former years it was possible to 

 catch the fish m the outlet, Presumpscot River, for a few miles down. Small fish with 

 red spots on their sides were called 'Jumpers' by local fishermen. The name is sig- 

 nificant and self explanatory. When hooked it spent about as much time in the air 

 as in the water before being brought to net. 



In reports of fish cultural operations of the United States Fish Commission, the names 

 at first employed were those derived from the locality where the operations were carried 

 on. Particularly is that true of Grand Lake Stream region where the lakes were desig- 

 nated as 'Schoodic Lakes' and the fish as 'Schoodic salmon.' Sometimes the name, 'Se- 

 bago salmon,' was used for the fish of the Schoodic Lakes, as well as for the fish of Green 



