106 KENDALL: NEW ENGLAND SALMONS. 



and Sebec Lakes. In later years the term 'landlocked salmon' came into general use. 

 Concerning this name Atkins (1884a, p. 40) wrote, 'The term "Landlocked salmon," 

 though it may be and probably is, a misnomer so far as it impUes any forcible detention 

 of sea-going salmon in fresh water, has come to be generally accepted as appUcable to 

 all those salmon of Eastern North America and of Europe that pass their entire Uves in 

 fresh water. They are all, according to the most recent conclusions of American ichthy- 

 ologists, members of the great species Salmo solar, the common river salmon of the 

 tributaries of the North Atlantic' 



Geographical Distribution and Habitats. 



While waters inhabited by the lake salmon are comprised within the latitudinal 

 range of the sea salmon, their known distribution within these Umits is a very discon- 

 nected one, and most of the recorded locaUties of their natural occurrence are in north- 

 eastern North America. In Europe the fish have been distinguished from trout m but 

 very few places. The best known European locaUty is Lake Wenern, in southern Sweden, 

 and this is the principal lake in that country which is supposed to contain them. Ac- 

 cording to Nilsson (1832, p. 3), who refers to that fish as ^ Salmo Salar,' it occurs also in 

 Lake Siljan. It also is found in Lake Ladoga, an immense lake lying between Finland 

 and Russia. 



In Canadian waters the most noted locality for lake salmon is the Upper Saguenay 

 River, Lake St. John, and connected waters, where it is known as 'Ouananiche.' Low 

 (1897, p. 330) says: 'The land-locked variety of >S. salar or ouananiche, is found in Lake 

 St. John and the tributaries of the Saguenay River, where it has free access to the sea, 

 but as the same fish was found plentifully in both branches of the Hamilton River, above 

 the Grand Falls with its sheer drop of 300 feet it is certainly land-locked there. It is 

 also common in the Koksoak River below Lake Kaniapiskau, above perpendicular falls 

 of eighty feet and sixty feet. Common in Lake Michikamau, on the head of the North- 

 west River, it is also reported by the Indians as numerous in the upper George River, 

 the Romaine River, the Manicuagan and several others of the rivers flowing into the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence.' 



McCarthy (1894, p. 20-22) says of Lake St. John: 'Bearing the Indian name of 

 Pikouagami, this inland sea measuring fully 30 miles across in any direction, hes deep 

 in the midst of the old Laurentian Mountains, a marvel of beauty to the artist, a paradise 

 to the angler. Tributary to the lake are some eighteen rivers, large and small, flowing 

 from all points of the compass. The most noted are the Ashuapmouchouan from the 

 northwest, the Mistassini from the north, and the Peribonca, from northeast, the 

 Metabetchouan and Ouiatchouan from the south, the Ouiatchouaniche and Iroquois 

 from the west. The three first-named rivers are respectively 300, 350, and 400 miles in 

 length, very deep, and will average from one and a half to two miles wide at their 

 mouths. . . . Ouananiche fishing is found only in Lake St. John, the various rivers 

 flowing into it, and the Grand Discharge. None of the surrounding lakes, unless in 

 direct connection with the rivers, contain them.' 



