110 KENDALL: NEW ENGLAND SALMONS. 



Dr. Adams (1873, p. 216-220) described the Grand Lake Stream fish, which he called 

 the 'silvery salmon trout,' using, however, the technical name 'Salmo Gloveri' for it, 

 although he regarded it as identical with Sabno sebago. His description is detailed and 

 he shows a cut of the fish and figures a gill cover illustrating how that of Salmo solar 

 differs from that of Salmo gloveri. 



He says: '. . . Posterior point of juncture between the operculum and the sub-oper- 

 culum is about half-way between the upper end of the gill opening and the lower angle 

 of the sub-operculum in the salmon, whereas in the silvery salmon trout and sea trouts 

 it is nearer to the lower angle of the sub-operculum than to the upper end of the gill 

 opening. The operculum is, moreover, relatively larger in S. solar than in S. Gloveri 

 or S. Trutta of Europe, indeed than in any other recorded salmonoid. The maxillary in 

 the adult salmon extends as far back as the posterior margin of the eye, but in Glover's 

 trout it reaches further; and whilst it reaches only to the middle of the eye in the parr 

 and smalt of the salmon, in the same conditions of Glover's salmon trout I found it 

 extending almost to the posterior margin of the orbit. 



'The vomer has a double row of small teeth in the young salmon, whereas there is only 

 a single row in the smalt of S. Gloveri. The number of vertebrae also differ, being fifty- 

 nine in the former and fifty-seven in the latter; as also the pyloric coeca, which from 

 numerous instances I found to vary from forty-nine to fifty-one, whilst it is well known 

 that the average in the salmon is between fifty-five and seventy-seven.' 



'The average weight is from two and a half to three pounds, but individuals are 

 captured of seven pounds, and on rehable authority I know of one caught through the 

 ice on these lakes weighing ten pounds and a half. Even larger fish are mentioned by 

 fishermen, but any weighing over six pounds are uncommon.' 



The Maine Fish Commissioners' report (Stilwell and Stanley 1874, p. 14) says: 'We 

 are often asked, "What is the landlocked salmon? Is it what its name impHes, an ocean 

 sahnon that some accidental circumstance, some convulsion of Nature has barred from 

 return to its ocean home, and thus established a new race; or is it a distinct species?" 

 The year before the death of Prof. Agassiz, we sought from him an answer to these same 

 questions, while on a visit to the Cambridge Museum of Natural History, with our 

 esteemed friend and brother Commissioner, Dr. Hudson of Connecticut. His reply was, 

 "Thirty years since I supposed it to be a demoralized salmon, that some cause had pre- 

 vented from access to ocean; but since then I have changed my opinion, I now think 

 it is a distinct species. I have found it in Sweden" (and we think he added Norway).' 



In 1877, Charles Hallock (1877, p. 305-306) discussed the identity of the fish with 

 the true salmon in such an interesting way and, in many respects, so exactly stated the 

 situation as pertains to current popular opinions concerning the identity of the lake 

 salmon with the sea salmon, that it seems worth while to quote from the discussion at 

 some length. Hallock (1887, p. 305-306) wrote: 'Much needless speculation has been 

 indulged in during the past twenty years, and much discussion excited, as to whether 

 this fish was a true salmon, which having been to the sea, preferred not to go there; or 

 that, being a true salmon, and debarred from the sea, he chose Uke a sensible fellow to 



