112 KENDALL: NEW ENGLAND SALMONS. 



spawn, and then returns to the sea, or, to use a convenient word, is anadromous. Hence 

 the specific designation Salar. Yet nothing in the range of observed facts relating to the 

 Salmonidce ... is better estabUshed now than the existence in certain parts of the 

 United States, Canada, and Sweden of a salmon which inhabits lakes, and is antomi- 

 cally indistinguishable from the salt-water salmon.' He goes on to say: 'The wananishe 

 and the landlocked salmon of Maine are identical, the only observable difference be- 

 ing a slight one in coloration. 



Creighton further states (p. 91-92) the characters of the 'Wananishe' as follows: 'As 

 to shape, the wananishe is a perfect salmon, onlj'^ a dwarf; and the highest ichthyological 

 authorities on both sides of the ocean are agreed that there is no difference of anatomy 

 between Sahno Salar and Salmo Sebago. I have myself dissected many specimens of 

 sea salmon and wananishe, but can detect no permanent or tangible mark of difference 

 between them. 



'The preoperculum, or small bone at the back of the gill cover, has the rounded corner 

 characteristic of the salmon. The system of dentition in the wananishe is precisely that 

 of Salmo Salar, but the teeth are larger and more numerous on the vomer and palatines. 

 This is probably a case of specific adaptation [Italics the present writer's], as the wanan- 

 ishe Lives much on small fish, and unlike the sea salmon when the latter is in fresh 

 water, is continually feeding. In some specimens I have found a few teeth on the hyoid 

 bone, though Jordan and Gilbert ("Synopsis of the Fishes of North America," 1882, 

 p. 311), following Gunther, give the absence of hyoid teeth as a characteristic of the 

 genus Salar. 



'The number of spinal vertebrae is 59-60; of csecal appendages, I have counted from 

 50-60 in different specimens. 



'There are 120 rows of scales along the lateral line, 11-12 in a Une from the edge of the 

 adipose fin to the lateral line, which, if continued would pass just above the pupil of the 

 eye, and is well marked. 



'The fins are proportionately much larger than in the sea salmon, especially the tail, 

 which is deeply forked in the young fish, but only sUghtly lunate in large adults. In a 

 five-pound specimen it will have a spread of seven or eight inches; in a three-pound fish, 

 six inches. The dorsal is high and broad, the pectorals long. -The adipose fin is unusually 

 large.' (Italics the present writer's.) 



Chambers (1896, p. 16-20) says: 'How the Atlantic salmon, the Canadian ouananiche 

 and the landlocked salmon of Maine appear to the eye of the artist, when compared, 

 is related in the following extract from a letter addressed me by my good friend Mr. 

 Walter M. Brackett, of Boston: "In regard to the ouananiche, or as we call them, 

 landlocked salmon, my first acquaintance with them dates back to 1860 or 1861 (I am 

 not sure which), when I visited Grand Lake stream in the eastern part of the State of 

 Maine, where they then existed in vast numbers; and I have always retained a very vivid 

 recollection of the wonderful sport which I enjoyed. The game character of the fish 

 was a revelation, as up to that time I had not kiUed a Salmo salar. I made several careful 

 studies of them and brought home with me a few specimens, two of which I presented to 



