116 KENDALL: NEW ENGLAND SALMONS. 



Of course it may be said that the reason that each form is always recognized as such 

 is that if a lake salmon should look just Uke a sea salmon it would be pronounced a sea 

 salmon and vice versa. Yet no one has ever claimed to have found in waters inaccessible 

 to sea salmon and in which the sea salmon had not been introduced, any salmon that was 

 not recognized as a lake salmon. Furthermore there are lake salmon waters in which sea 

 salmon have been introduced but no salmon has subsequently been caught that was 

 recognized as a sea salmon. For all that each structural character, by itself, is not always 

 diagnostic and some lake salmon so closely resemble sea salmon that it might be difficult 

 to identify a preserved specimen from some unknown locaUty. Or the locaUty in which 

 the specimen was caught might admit of the fish being either lake or sea salmon. One 

 such instance came to my attention and is referred to later. It was about the spawning 

 time of both forms. The fish was caught in the outlet of a lake into which lake salmon 

 had been introduced and sea salmon were known to ascend the same stream. Elsewhere 

 Atkins is quoted as saying that the Sebago Lake salmon more closely resemble the sea 

 salmon than did the Schoodic salmon. This remark implies that there was a recognized 

 difference between the Sebago salmon and the sea salmon. 



While there are a few single structural characters which will usually enable one to 

 identify his fish, if he knows what those characters are, the real recognition character 

 is the fish itself. The lake salmon embodies a different ensemble of proportions from 

 that of the sea salmon. These proportions are variable in fish of different sizes, ages and 

 sexes. In other words the general make-up of the lake salmon is different from that of 

 the sea salmon. Correlated with that difference is the difference of habits, habitat, and 

 physiology, and these are inseparable in each. These facts taken with other previously 

 mentioned indicate that the landlocked or lake salmon, from egg to adult is always 

 different from the Atlantic salmon, and has been different since it settled in the post- 

 glacial lakes. 



Synopsis of The Classification of The Lake Salmon: Technical, 

 Fish Cultural, and Popular. 



Fish literature in general pertaining to the Salmonidse is replete with 'ouananiche,' 

 'landlocked salmon,' 'Schoodic salmon,' etc. Ichthyological literature designates them 

 either binomially or trinomially, but mostly trinomially. The latter form of name 

 indicates, as previously pointed out, that the fishes are subspecies, or as sometimes 

 caUed, varieties, of the sea salmon, Salmo salar. Some claim that even as a subspecies 

 or variety, the lake salmon is hardly definable ; that there are no recognizable structural 

 characters by which one may be distinguished from the other. The 'silfverlax' of Lake 

 Wenern in Sweden has been variously regarded as a salmon and a trout. Popularly it 

 seems that a silvery form of either was so named. 



Malmgren (1863, p. 59-60) wrote that in Ladoga occurred a salmon which Dr. Wide- 

 gren regarded as identical with the Wenern salmon although he did not distinguish it 



