oe 
CHARTER. IX 
THE CARPS (continued) 
The Roach—Appearance—Distribution—Habits—Angling for Roach—The 
Rudd—Distribution—The Chub—Distribution and Habits—Angling for 
Chub—The Dace— Distribution— Habits— Angling for Dace—The 
Minnow—Habits—Distribution—The Tench—Distribution and Habits 
—Tench as Food—Angling for Tench. 
Eighth Sub-Family : LEUCISCINA: THE WHITE FISH 
FAMILY 
Tue eighth division of Dr. Gunther’s arrangement of the 
Carp Family contains a large number of genera, distributed 
widely through the northern temperate zone, and including 
thirty-five species indigenous to Europe and Asia, and forty to 
North America. In this group the dorsal fin is short, without 
a bony ray, and the teeth are ranged in a single or double 
series on the pharynx. 
The Roach (Leuciscus rutilus) 
Fin Formuta (variable, being given differently TEETH. 
by different observers). None on vomer or 
Dorsal: 12 to 14 rays. palate; pharyngeal 
Pectoral : 16 or 17 rays. teeth conical or com- 
Anal; 12 to 14 rays. pressed, in a single or 
Ventral : g or Io rays. double series. 
Certain creatures seem to be brought into being simply for 
the purpose of affording food for others, and such is the part 
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