CHAPTER XIX 
THE SHADS, THE EELS, AND THE LAMPREYS 
The Herring Family—The Allis Shad—The Twait Shad—The Eel Family 
—The Eel—The Grig, Glut, or Broad-nosed Eel—Sucker-mouthed 
Fishes—The Lampreys—The Lamprey—The Lampern—The Pride. 
Twenty-second Family: CLUPEIDAE: THE HERRING FAMILY 
Tue herrings are essentially fishes of the coast, none being 
found in the deep sea, and some of the species run into 
fresh water to deposit their spawn. It is an ancient race, 
fossil remains of genera nearly allied to existing ones being 
found in the chalk and more recent formations. 
Genus CLUPEA 
In this genus the body is compressed laterally, and the 
abdomen is serrated. The scales are generally large or 
moderate in size. Two species enter British rivers to spawn. 
The Allis Shad (Clupea alosa) 
FINS. ‘TEETH. 
Dorsal; 19 to 21 rays. Rudimentary or deciduous, 
Pectoral: 15 or 16 rays. on the upper jaw only. 
Ventral; 9 rays. 
Anal; 20 to 24 rays. 
Caudal: 19 rays. 
Etymologically the names “shad” and “skate” appear to be 
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