50 MONOGRAPH OF THE FRESH WATER Ill. 
longest of which are one-third the depth of the body. The second dorsal is 
contiguous to the first, which sends to it the membrane of its last ray. Com- 
mencing above the vent, it is more than twice as long, and at least twice as high as 
the first, and composed of sixteen undivided rays, the middle ones being the longest 
and as high as the body itself on the region to which they correspond. The origin 
of the anal is under the third ray of the second dorsal, and terminates under the 
thirteenth. It has most generally twelve, sometimes eleven rays, which equal in 
height, if they do not surpass, the corresponding rays of the second dorsal. The 
caudal is sub-truncated; its length enters five times and a half in the total length 
of the fish. It is composed of sixteen rays, of which the five middle ones are 
subdivided twice; the two next on each side subdivide only once; finally, the 
others, four to the upper lobe, and three to the lower one, remain undivided, and 
are simply articulated. The ventrals are situated exactly under the pectorals, and 
when bent backwards, they reach the vent, and even sometimes go beyond it. 
They are composed of a short spiny ray, and three soft articulated and unbranched 
ones, of which the first is the shortest, and the middle one the longest. The inser- 
tion of the pectorals is oblique, or rather crescent-shaped, and takes place immedi- 
ately behind the gill opening. Their tip reaches the third or fourth ray of the 
second dorsal. They are composed each of thirteen soft and undivided rays, of 
which the seven lowermost are a little thicker, and extend beyond the membrane 
which unites them. 
Brsi6> 1D) yaliti——16: VAISS (Ch aaie55 4a onl Vaneess ea Tas 
The lateral line, slightly bent downwards on the abdominal region, re-ascends 
gradually nearer the back, and vanishes on the last third of the length of the 
second dorsal, that is, under the eleventh ray, sometimes even already on the middle 
of that fin, whence it follows its course towards the tail by means of minute pores 
after having made a sudden fall near the termination of the second dorsal in order 
to reach the centre of the peduncle of the tail, and then run directly to the base 
of the caudal fin. 
The color, according to Mr. Ayres, seems to vary within considerable limits : “The 
prevailing color of the sides is light yellowish-brown, with numerous blotches of 
darker brown, sometimes, but not always, amounting to irregular bands, which occa- 
sionally cover the greater part of the side. The head is in general darker than the 
body. The under side of the body, from the lower jaw to the caudal fin, is yel- 
lowish-white. The first dorsal fin is of a light brown, with dark spots, and occa- 
sionally with bands; the upper margin of the fin is red. The second dorsal, pec- 
torals, and caudal, are colored like the first dorsal, except that they are destitute 
of the red margin. The ventrals are nearly transparent. The anal is like the 
second dorsal, but not quite so dark,” (pp. 123 and 124.) 
This species is found in the States of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York. 
Dr. Dekay found it in Lake Pleasant, and previously, Dr. Emmons had it from 
tound Lake (N. Y.). Mr. Ayres caught his at Manchester (Ct.). Prof. Baird 
procured several of them from the northern tributaries of the Hudson, in Schroon 
township, Essex county (N. Y.), near Root’s tavern. 
