16 EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. 
and H. maculosus, a new species from Canton, on the authority of Reeve’s and Hardwicke’s 
drawings. In the Fauna Japonica Schlegel makes a new genus (Scarodon) to receive the two 
species from Japan, and gives to one of them the name it had previously received from Richard- 
son, without being aware of his notices of it. He corrects it however in a note to the Index. 
The exact place which this genus will occupy has not been determined by the above authors. 
Its interior anatomy, teeth, &c., will have to be consulted for that purpose. Bleecker, as above 
quoted, had two specimens, which being damaged, could not be examined in order to settle 
the question. He thinks this genus will stand at the head of a new family allied to the Sciae- 
noids, Chaetodontoids and Scaroids. He characterizes the family Hoplegnathoidei thus: ‘‘ Dentes 
mazxillares ut in scaris. Ossa pharyngealia inferiora libera, non unita, Pinnae dorsalis, ventrales 
analisque spinosae.”’ 
Kandai means winter. In the Faun. Jap it is called Hiza, 
29. ZEUS JAPONICUS, Cuv. and Val. 
Zeus Japcntcus, Cuv. and Val. 10, p. 24. 
& ee Schlegel, Faun. Jap., p. 123, pl. 66 A. 
Dorée ou mrrorr pu Japon, Tilesius, Krusenst. Atlas, pl. LXI, fig. 1. 
Nores.—From Simoda. (22 inches.) 
The Japanese Zeus appears to resemble the European Zeus faber very closely. It seems to 
have a few basal spines less near the dorsal and anal fins than the faber. The drawing shows 
only six spines on each side of the soft dorsal, and six near the soft anal. Schlegel gives about 
the same number. Judging from the figures, it would seem that the profile from the dorsal 
to the snout is much more arched, particularly near the snout, than in the Z. faber, whose 
profile is nearly straight. The figure in the Faun. Jap. does not show the dorsals sufficiently 
separated, and is not colored from life. In the Hist. des Poissons its colors, given from a 
Japanese painting, are nearly correct. 
The present drawing shows the fish of a pale dusky purple over the head, with opercles 
rather darker. Back and part of sides dark dusky purple, with three or four darker stripes, 
broken in one or two places, and extending from the shoulder to near end of anal fin. Upper 
stripe broad, but indistinct, following curvé of back ; next one more distinct, narrow, and also 
parallel to back ; third (a fragment only,) under anterior portion of second; the last extending 
around upper part of the great lateral spot, like an eyebrow, and with a little extension on each 
end. Spinons dorsal and anal also dark, the first with a broad darker band across the rays, 
inclining downwards. Back of ventrals and margin of caudal also of same dark color. Sides 
below the spot yellowish ; pectorals, soft dorsal, and anal, with base of caudal seme. Irides pale 
yellow. The large lateral spot is nearly circular, larger than the eye, of a dusky blue, with a 
well-defined dusky ring around it darker than the four stripes above it. Schlegel describes 
another species, the nebulosus. He gives no native name for either of them. Diengkitsch calls 
it mati-owoo, meaning target fish, an appropriate name. 
