22 EXPEDITION TO JAPAN. 
must occur ; and these collections will probably assist in clearing up the confusion now existing 
in this group. 
The Salmo herewith figured has been named after the able commander of the United States 
‘Japan Expedition, to whose efforts alone we owe the scanty yet interesting zoological collections 
and drawings, made under disadvantageous circumstances, while the squadron was in those 
distant seas. 
In its general form and coloring it resembles the Salmo hamatus of Europe, and the New 
Brunswick salmon of North America,! and no doubt is the representative of that type in the 
Pacific, the figure having probably been taken from a female. 
Head large and thick, four and a half times in total length of fish. Jaws very strong and 
thick, the upper one rather pointed, with stout curved maxillaries, the lower one longest when 
depressed, with a strong curve upwards. Teeth strong and recurved. Profile from snout to 
occiput nearly straight, curving thence gently into the dorsal outline, which is straight also to 
behind first dorsal. Abdominal outline not prominent, but gently tapering to base of caudal. 
Height of body in front of dorsal § of length of head; at base of caudal } of same. Eyes small, 
7, of head. Opercles rounded, branchial rays stout. Scales distinct and rather large, but too 
distinctly marked in the engraved figure. Lateral line straight. Fins large, with pointed 
lobes. Anterior base of dorsal slightly nearer to snout than to margin of caudal. Second 
dorsal large, for the fish. Pectorals and ventrals long and pointed. Anal under adipose 
dorsal. (Both these fins seem, in the drawing, to be too near to the base of the caudal.) Cau- 
dal with broad pointed lobes, posterior margin deeply emarginated and indented at the centre. 
Proportions, from the original drawing, in hundredths of total length, measuring from snout 
to centre of margin of caudal : 
Height. of body. ‘at pectorals: =" ~~ = ee 18:00." BakeTetsto base; 20° dorsal. — eto ae ee 31.00? 
Height injfrontionh dorsal ee— o-oo ae eae 19.00"! “Second dorsal long! - soe aac See oe aoe eee 5. 00 
Height at base of Caudal << 25. .cs5 Shs sees see %..00:3|, Snonut*to: base -ventrals.2 . ce b2es kos. Sae- = 2S 53. 00 
Snontito manginsopercles-* 225-4 ses s—- = ee Soe 22.50-|'-Ventrals longs). =<). See ee Se eae 16. 00 
SMOntsto JOT Dies sect eee ee 7 60. | .Basesventrals to,base/anal: ===) ones ee soe 25. 00? 
Diameter,of orbits. 22 22 soe soee oe asso - aes S 2.500! Anal Tones 4.0 cke See oe eee ae 14. 00 
Pectorals: long == 45-25 283-2 ee eee en eeeee ee 15.00 | Snout to end scales on lat. line --..-.--.--------- 95. 00 
Snont to first dorsal. 5% = =e ee 46.00.90), Tiohesyofieaudal) . 354.235: 28 es ee 16.00 
PATICOYION ae Y Ss LOUIE ma cr 17.00 | Emargination of open caudal....-.-------------- 6. 00 
Colors: Dusky along the back of head, and becoming blue on the opercles, and dirty white 
beneath. Margin of lower jaw bluish dusky. Back of head, snout, opercles and maxillaries, 
covered with round, irregular sized blackish spots, rather closely set. Eye golden yellow. 
Back dusky, soon however fading into dirty purplish red on the sides, which on the under 
parts fades again into dirty white. ‘The dusky back and colored sides are covered with blackish 
spots of irregular form, smaller than those of the head and rather more sparsely distributed. 
Lower part of dorsal spotted also. This and all the other fins are of a brownish black of rather 
uniform hue, the caudal inclining to brown, Ventrals and anal of a lighter shade, with their 
anterior rays lighter still. 
1 This salmon, if not identical with the S. hamatus, will form a new species. It has not been described or noticed by any 
author that has written on American Ichthyology. In October, 1856, large numbers of them, weighing from eight to 
fifteen pounds each, were brought to the New York market. The males invariably had straight and pointed upper, and 
hooked under jaws; the females, which were full of roe, had the jaws like the figure here published. It could not be 
confounded with the Salmo Salar, 
