4io 



TELE0STE1 



only, and are supplemented by two extensible lung-like air-sacs, backward 

 prolongations of the branchial chamber. 

 Amphipnous, Mull. ; E. Indies. 



Fig. 405. 

 Symbranchus bengalensis, M'Cl., anil upper teetli. (After Day, Fishes of India.) 



Series 4. 



Sub-Order 4. GASTEROSTEIFORMES (Catosteomi, Hemibranchii, 

 Lophobranchii). 



This sub-order is an assemblage of fish for the most part highly 

 specialised, which were first brought together by A. S. Woodward. 

 The Flute-mouths (Fistulariidae) and Sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae), 

 which Cope had already united in the group Hemibranchii, and the 



pmx 



<>r q uso 



pop top 



Fig. in*.. 



Skull and pectoral girdle of Gash rostt us spinacMa. an, angular ; or, articular : a.so, anterior 

 suborbital; br, branehiostegal ; cl, cleithrum : co, coracoid; d, dentary ; d.c, derma] coracoid 

 plate ; d.f, din-sal I'm spine ; d.pl, dorsal dermal plate ; fr, frontal ; l.pl, lateral dermal plate ; 

 mi. maxilla; n, nasal; no, nostril; op, opercular; pa, parietal; pmx, premaxilla ; pop, pre- 

 opercular; prf, prefrontal; pst, post-temporal; ptf, postfrontal : pto, pterotic ; q, quadrate; 

 r, radial of pectoral I'm ; sc, scapula ; sc.f, scapular foramen ; so, suborbital ; soe, supraoccipital ; 

 sop, subopercular ; sJ, snpratemporal. 



Pipe-Fishes (Lophobranchii of Cuvier), have been shown to be 

 related (A. S. Woodward [505], Swinnerton [431], Starks [419], 

 Gill [164]). 



The snout becomes greatly produced by the elongation of the 

 region between the orbit and the mouth ; the nostrils remain near 



