412 



TELE OS TEL 



lateral and dorsal rows of scutes. Large paired scutes are attached to 

 the pelvic as well as to the pectoral girdles (Fig. 407). The pelvic fins 



Fig. 40S. 

 Gasterosteus aculeatus, L. (After Heckel and Kner, from Clans and Sedgwick.) 



have one or two spines, and sometimes one or two jointed dermotrichs. 



The pectoral radials are quite short (Fig. 406). The anterior region of 



the dorsal fin is represented by a series of finlets with 



isolated spines (Fig. 408). The anal fin has an anterior 



spine. 



Family Gasterosteidae. The ribs are slender and 

 free, and the pelvic (ins have not more than two 

 jointed dermotrichs. 



Gasterosteus, Art., Sticklebacks (Fig. 408); Apeltes, 

 De K. ; Eucalia, Jord. ; Spinachia, L. — Northern 

 hemisphere. 



Family Aulorynchidae. With a longer and more 

 tubiform snout, an elongated body, and four jointed 

 dermotrichs in the pelvic fin. The ribs are expanded 

 and fixed to the lateral scutes. 

 Aulorhynchus, Gill; N. Pacific. 



Tribe 2. Hemibranchii. 



The snout is extremely long and tubiform, the 

 skull consequently much modified, the symplectic 

 and neighbouring bones being much lengthened. The 

 pelvic tins are spineless, with from three to six 

 lepidotrichia. The ribs are reduced or absent, but 

 parapophyses are usually present. This Tribe is 

 distinguished by the specialisation of the anterior 

 vertebrae, four of which generally become enlarged, 

 elongated, and often fused together (Fig. 409). 



Sub-Tribe A. Protosyngnathoidei. Slender free 

 ribs are present, and the anterior vertebrae are 

 slightly elongated. This extinct group is less 

 specialised than the next. 



Family Protosyngnathidae. Protosyngnathus, v. d. M. ; Tertiary of 

 Sumatra. 



Sub-Tribe B. Aulostomoidei. The body is very elongate ; the occip- 

 ital condyle becomes distinctly convex, and long ossified ligaments extend 



Pig. 409. 



Ankylosed antei ior 

 four vertebrae of Fistu- 

 la/ria. (From Owen, 

 A natomy of Vertebrates, 

 by permission.) 



