420 



TE LEO ST EI 



Atherina, L. ; Atlantic, Mediterranean ; Eocene, Europe. Ehampho- 

 gnathus, Ag. ; Eocene, Europe. Chirostoma, Sw. ; Labidcsthes, Cope ; 

 Menidia, J. and G. — America. 



Sub-Tribe C. Closely related families distinguished by a strange modi- 

 fication of the girdles : the pelvic bones are not attached to the cleithra, 



Fig. 421. 

 Mugil cephalus, L. (From Jordan and Evermann.) 



but are firmly connected with, and supported by, the postclavicles, a 

 very peculiar modification paralleled only in the Centriscidae. 



Family Mugilidae. The Mullets are distinguished by the possession 

 of a very perfect filtering apparatus on the gill-arches, formed by the gill- 

 rakers ; and peculiarly modified pharyngeals. The oesophagus has long 



Fig. 4-1-2. 

 Pentanemus quinquarws, L. (After Giinther.) 



thin internal papillae, and there is a muscular gizzard -like stomach. 

 The scales are cycloid, and the pectoral fins are inserted high up. 



Mugil, L. (Fig. 421), Grey Mullets ; wide range ; Oligocene, Europe. 

 Myxus, Gthr. ; Anostomus, Gron. ; Joturus, Poey. 



Family Polynemidae. The scales are ctenoid, and the pectoral fins- 

 are low down. The pectoral fin radials appear to have fused with the 



