PERCIFORMES 



431 



Prolates, Prieny. ; Upper Cretaceous, France. Morone, Mitch. ; 

 Serranus, Cuv. (Fig. 437) ; Percichthijs, Ger. ; Anthias, Schn. ; Apogon, 

 Lac. (Fig. 438) — of wide distribution, and Eocene. Grammistes, Art. ; 

 Priacanthus, C. and V. ; Centropomus, Lac. ; Pomatomus, Risso ; Ambassis, 



Fig. 438. 

 Apogon fremitus, Val. (After Giinther.) 



, > 



Coin. ; Ghilodiptcrus, Lac. ; Cirrhites, Lac. : Pentaceros, C. and V. ; 

 Mesoprion, Cuv. ; Centrogenys, Rich. 



Family Sciaenidae. With a separate spinous dorsal fin ; the lower 

 pharyngeals often united ; and very large slime -cavities in the 

 cranial bones. The palate is usually 

 toothless, and the large air-bladder often 

 has many diverticula. 



Pogonias, Cope ; Atlantic ; Miocene, 

 N. America. Umbrina, Lawley ; widely 

 distributed, and Lower Pliocene, Italy. 

 Arripis, Jen. ; Sciaena, Art. ; Aiicylodon, 

 C. and V. ; Eques, Bl. ; Otolithus, Cuv. 



Family Pseudochromididae. Differ- 

 ing from the Sciaenidae chiefly in the 

 feeble development of the spines on the 

 lengthened dorsal and anal fins. 



Pseudochromis, Riipp. ; Cichlops, M. 

 and T. ; Lopholatilus, G. and B., Tile- 

 Fish ; Opisthognathus, Cuv. ; Latilus, C. 

 and V. ; Bathymaster, Cope — widely dis- 

 tributed, marine. 



Family Cepolidae. Like the preceding ; but with a very elongated 

 tail, and dorsal and anal fins. Only a few feeble spines. 



Gepola, L. ; Acanthocepola, Blk. — widely distributed. 



Family Hoplognathidae. Differing from the Serranidae in having 

 a toothless palate, and the teeth of the jaws fused to a strong beak. 



Hoplognathus, Rich. ; Pacific (Fig. 439). 



Fig. 430. 



Dentition of Hoplognathus sp. 



(After Gunther.) 



