PERCIFORMES 



Protantiyonia, Kr. ; Miocene, Europe. Antujonin, Lowe ; tropical seas. 

 Cupros, Lac. (Fig. 441); Atlantic, Mediterranean. 



Sub-Tribe B. Chaetodontiforjies. The following are some of J 

 the chief characters which appear in this snb-tribe : the jaws become 



Fig. 441. 



Capros aper, L. A, head with jaws retracted. B, head with jaws protracted. C, scale, 

 enlarged, ar, articular ; 6.m, confluent branchiostegal membranes : (/, dentary ; e, eye ; l.j, 

 lower jaw ; l.n, anterior nostril ; m, mouth ; mb, membrane ; m%, maxilla ; pmx, premaxilla ; sc, 

 anterior smooth region ; sp, spines on posterior exposed region ; ii.j, upper jaw : u.n, posterior 



nostril. 



shortened, the mouth small, the palate toothless, the gill -membranes 

 confluent below ; the post- temporal becomes firmly fixed to the skull, 

 losing its forked character ; the pelvic bones meet, and tend to fuse in the 

 middle line ; the pelvic fins acquire a jugular position ; the scales become 

 modified into plates or prominent spines ; the intestine becomes long and 

 coiled ; the vertebrae are reduced to never more than twenty -five in 



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