PERCIFORMES 



445 



Datnioides, 



Gatopra, Blk.— S. E. Asia. Poly- 



Lobotes, Cuv. ; Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indo-Pacific. 

 Blk. ; E. Indian Ocean and rivers. 



Family Nandidae. With a very protractile mouth, very slender 

 maxilla, and no endopterygoid. 



Nandus, C. and V. ; Badis, Blk. ; 

 centropsis, Blgr. ; W. Africa. Mono- 

 cirrus, Hekl. ; Polycentrus, M. and T. 

 — S. America. 



Family Gerridae. With a very 

 protractile mouth, toothless palate, 

 premaxilla with an upward process, 

 and lower pharyngeals more or less 

 coalesced. 



Equula, Cuv. ; Garza, Riipp. ; 

 Gerres, Cuv. — tropical seas. 



Family Pristipomatidae. With 

 toothless palate, small teeth, and 

 undivided dorsal. 



Pristipoma, Cuv. ; Haemulort; Cuv. ; 

 Diagramma, Cuv. ; Pentapus, Cuv. — 

 tropical seas. 



Family Trichodontidae. Scale- 

 less marine fish, with very upturned 

 mouth, toothless palate, divided dorsal 

 and elongated anal. 



Trichodon, Cuv. ; Ardoscopus, J. 

 and E. — N. Pacific. 



Family Lactariidae. With 



toothed palate, small deciduous cycloid 

 scales, and short spinous dorsal fin. 

 The scapula has two foramina. 



Lactarius, C. and V. ; S. Asiatic 

 coast. 



Family Latrididae. With small 

 scales, villiform teeth, and the pelvic 

 fins relatively far back. 



Latris, Rich. ; Australia and New 

 Zealand. 



Family Haplodactylidae. With 

 the pelvic fins relatively far from the 

 pectorals 

 dorsal. 



Haplodactylus, C. and V 

 Pacific and southern seas. 



Fi 



461. 



Pseudoscarus murieatus, C. and V., from 

 specimens in the British Museum. A, upper, 

 and B, lower pharyngeals, a, 5th cerato- 

 branchial ; n.c, alveolar cavity in which 

 teeth develop; b, right pharyngobranchial ; 

 o.t, i ild teeth fixed and worn down ; p, grind- 

 ing plate ; y.t, young teeth succeeding th& 

 old teeth. Succession is from before back- 

 a large soft portion of the wards above, and from behind forwards 

 below. 



Chironemus, Cuv. ; Chilodactylus, Lac. — - 



Sub-Tribe D. (Pharyngognathi). The palate is toothless, but the 

 pharyngeals strongly toothed, and the lower pharyngeals are firmly 

 united (Fig. 461). The body is usually somewhat deepened, and the 

 dorsal fin remains continuous. 



1. With a single nostril on each side. 



