PERCIFORMES 



447 



with strong pointed teeth on the jaws, and conical or tubercular teeth on 

 the pharyngeals (Fig. 460). 



Phyllodus, Ag. ; Pseudosphaerodon, Ntlg. ; Egertonia, Coc. ; Platy- 

 laemus, Dix. — Eocene, Europe. Labrodon, Gerv. ; Eocene, Europe and New 

 Zealand. Julis, Cuv. ; tropical seas ; Miocene, Europe. Labrus, L. ; 

 Mediterranean, Atlantic ; Miocene. Europe. Ctenolabrus, C. and V. ; 

 Chaerops, Riipp. ; Tautoga, Mitch. ; Chilinus, Lac. ; Cossyphus, C. and V. ; 

 Platyglossus, Kl. ; Epibulus, Cuv. ; Novacula, C. and V. 



Family Scaridae. Closely related to the preceding family, the Parrot- 

 Wrasses differ chiefly in having expanded pharyngeals bearing tessellated 

 flattened teeth, and the teeth of the jaws more or less completely fused 

 into a firm beak (Fig. 462). Generally brilliantly coloured. 



Scarus, Forsk. ; Mediterranean, Atlantic; Eocence, Europe. Goridodax, 

 Gthr. ; Callyodon, C. and V. ; Scarichthys, Blkr. ; Pseudoscarus, Blkr. ; 

 Odax, C. and V. ; Siphonognathus, Rich. — chiefly tropical seas. 



Tribe 2. Gobiiformes. 



The skull is usually somewhat depressed, with a blunt snout, the 

 bones not serrated, and there is no eye-muscle canal. The base of the 

 pectoral fin is generally extended and almost at right angles to the 

 vertebral column, the scapula and coracoid more or less reduced or 

 vestigial, so that the radials may touch the cleithrum. The four or five 



Fig. 463. 



Pectoral endoskeleton and cleithrum of A, Peristedion cataphraetum ; B. Triglot hirtmdo ; C, 

 Hemitripterus acadianus ; D, Gobius guttatus. cl, cleithrum ; to, coracoid ; s, scapula ; 2-5, 

 radials. (From Gegenbaur, Vergl. Anat. Wirbeltiere.) 



radials, of which one to two rest on the coracoid, are much flattened, 

 forming a narrow plate (Fig. 463, D). Characteristic is the modification 

 of the pelvic fins : they are thoracic, close together, and expanded so as 

 to form an adhesive disc, often completed by a transverse membrane 

 joining the fins behind. Usually there are several flexible spines in the 

 dorsal, one in the anal, and one spine and four or five soft lepidotrichia 

 in the pelvic fins. As a rule, there are no pyloric caeca and no air-bladder. 



