464 



TE LEO ST EI 



body, elongate dorsal and anal fins without distinct spinous portions, and 

 usually large cycloid scales often connected together by processes. 



Family Bramidae. With about forty-five vertebrae. In Pteraclis 

 and its allies the median fins may be greatly expanded. The pleural ribs 

 often are much widened, and the coracoid becomes very large. Pteraclis 

 has enormous dorsal and anal fins. 



Brama, B. and S. ; Bentenia ; Pteraclis, Gron. ; Pterycombus, Fries. 



2. The premaxillae are protractile ; and the cycloid scales small or 

 absent, except along the lateral line, where they may be enlarged into 

 scutes. Generally there is a special spinous division of the dorsal and 

 anal fins ; the latter may be detached. The body is slightly deepened, 

 and there are about twenty-five vertebrae. 



Fig. 491. 

 i'i'ii'!).! ferdau, Forsk. (After Giinther.) 



Family Carangidae. The spinous dorsal is often much reduced, and 

 the spines vestigial. Sometimes free spines in front of the anal. The 

 scales may be lost. 



Vomeropsis, Heck. ; Carangopsis, Ag. ; Semiophorus, Ag. (Fig. 492) ; 

 Ductor, Ag. — Eocene, Italy. Caranx, Lac. (Fig. 491) ; Seriola, Cuv. ; 

 Lichia, Cuv. ; Mene, Lac. — wide range ; and Eocene, Italy. Selene, Lac. ; 

 Naucrates, Cuv.; Trachynotus, Lac; Paropsis, Jen.; Ghorinemus, C. and 

 V. ; Vomer, C. and V. 



Family Rhachicentridae. Differing from the preceding chiefly in 

 the absence of parapophyses. There are small scales. 



Bhachicentrus, Kp. ; Atlantic and Indian Ocean. 



3. Mouth not protractile, the cycloid scales are usually small or 

 absent, the body becomes elongated, and there are no free spines, but there 

 may be a separate spinous dorsal fin. No parapophyses, except in the 

 Xiphiidae. 



