20 PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jokdax. 



and their terminal segment is very short. The cell of the hindwing is rounded at the apex and its lower angle is 

 at least as large as the upper. The scent-organ on the hindwing of the cf is never woolly and the tiliiae are never 



thickened. The larva bears on the first thoracic segment strongly elongated fleshy protuberances, and the dorsal 



humps of the pupa are narrow, laterally compressed and rather long. 



Polydamas-Group. 



This poli/ihniia.s-gi-onyi also differs essentielly in habits from the red-spotted butterflies. They are inhabitants 

 of the open country, seldom met with in the shade of the forest. The cfo", which are quick fliers, are fond of 

 resting on damp sand or mud to imbibe the moisture, whilst the ?? visit several common species of flowers. 



P. philenor is a well-known Nortli American butterfly, distinguished by the bright green or blue 

 gloss of the outer part of Ihe hindwing beneath. Its original home was undoubtedly the Southern Atlantic 

 States, whence it has spread to Mexico and again in the west as far as Northern Cahfornia. In the central 

 part of tiie United States, from Colorado northwai'ds, the species is al)sent; in the east, on the contrary, it 

 extends as far as the south of Canada, where it is met with from time to time as an immigrant. Its 

 distribution northwards, in places where the original food-plant (Aristolochia serpentaria) is not found, has 

 0/67/(7. been made possible by the cultivation of Aristolochia sipho as an oi-namental plant. — orsua (loili/i. tf- Salv. 

 philenor. is a small tailless form from the Tres Marias Islands with strongly glossy hindwing. — philenor L. 

 (= astinous Dyiiry) (6a) inhabits the United States and Mexico. The species varies geographically but 

 little, 3'et some of the Mexican specimens are tailless, which seems never to occur in North America. This 

 acauda. ab. mex. acauda Ohcrth. {=r^ nezahualcoyotl Streck., corbis Godin. dr Salv.) occurs together with ordinary 

 wasnuithi. specimens. As ab. wasmuthi Weeks a colour variety is described which recalls the celebrated ab. calveiieiji 

 of P. po/i/xenes Fabr. In this aberration the marginal spots are enlarged into a broad band. Specimens 

 obsoleta. without submarginal spots on the upper surface are ab. obsoleta F/iriti. The species has several gene- 

 rations in the Southern States. The specimens of the spring brood are in general more rough-haired than 

 those of the summer. The butterfly is very common, and flies in great numbers about flowering trees, 

 or sips at the flowers of low plants or at wayside pools. In feeding and flying the wings have a quivering 

 motion as in the alhed species. 



devilliers. P. devilliers Godt. (6a). Hitherto known with certainty only from Cuba; the older authors assigned 



it to Florida also, which is perhaps due to an error. Tailed. Forewing with a submarginal row of white 

 spots: hindwing on the upper surface with a submarginal band, and on the under with one or more silver spots. 



zetes. P. zetes Weffic. (6a) has on the upper surface of both wings a yellowish band, and on the under 



surface of the hindwing a silver band. Haiti; only a few specimens in collections. 



The following species are all without tails. To some extent the form of the wings recalls the so- 

 called Ornithoptera from the Oriental Region. 



streckerianiis. P. streckerianus Hfnir. (= mathani Obi-rfh.) (6 a) is a native of the dry open country of North 



Peru. The spots on the body are greenish yellow. Forewing without band, the band on the hindwing 

 very variable, opalescent in the ?. 



ardiidamas. P. archidamas Bii'n^d. (=^ bias Khhij, ex Roger) (6b). The spots on the body reddish. Upper sur- 



face of both wings with a band composed of spots; under surface of the hindwing for the most part dirty 

 white. Chile; all the year round in the open coast districts. The earlier stages are very similar to those 

 of P. poli/daiuas. 



P. polydamas. The s]iots on the body reddish; upper surface of both wings with a band composed 



of spots; under surface of the hindwing black-brown, with red or yellowish red submarginal spots. Distributed 



from Virginia to Argentina ; varying but little geographicall}' on the continent , on the Greater and Lesser 



Antilles on the contrary developed into a different form on almost every island. One of the conuuonest 



Pap'dioti on the continent; an inhabitant of cultivated ground which accompanies tlie settler everywhere: it 



is especially common where the ground cleared for cultivation has been again neglected. The larva varies 



from brown-yellow to dark black-brown; the tubercles are long, in dark s|)ecimens red. The jnipa is strongly 



vincentius. curved, and has three long, compressed humps on the abdomen; the thoracic horn is long. — vincentius 



R. & J. Above like the continental form; under surface of the hindwing with white costal streak; sub- 



liicianus. marginal spots large. St. Vincent. — lucianus R. <& J. The band on the upper surface broad; under 



xenodamas. surface of the hindwing with costal streak at the base; submarginal spots large. St. Lucia. — xenodamas 



Hhn. (— cebriones Dcdm., eurj'damas Kirby, ex Roger). Band on the upper surface of the hindwing broad, 



placed close to the cell; under surface of the hindwing at the base with a large bluish grey spot and costal 



rfo///////a/s. streak. Martinique; formerly erroneously given as inhabiting Brazil. — dominicus R. (f J. The posterior 



spots on the upper surface of the forewing smaller than in xenodamas ; band on the hindwing curved. Under 



neodamas. surface of the hindwing with costal streak, but without the large spot below it. Dominica. — neodamas 



Luc. The upper spots of the band of the forewing wanting or small, the hinder spots further from the 



antiquus. margin than in the preceding forms. Band on the hindwing almost straight. Guadeloupe. — antiquus 



