24 PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jokdax. 



nitra. P. nitra Edic. (8 b). Wings shorter tlian in P. hairdi ; very similar to f. hairdi; perhaps only a 



northern subspecies. — Known from Montana and West Canada; in the mountains in June and July. 



zelicaon. P. zelicaon I^iic. (= zolicaon Boisii.) (8 b). The yellow discal area behind the 2. median of the 



forewino- extenditig close to the cell; underside of the abdomen l)lack, with or without an indication of 

 yellow lines. — On the west coast a common insect, descending into the lowlands. From Arizona north- 

 wards to Alaska and eastwards to Colorado. Found up to a height of 3000 m. The larvae on Umbelliferae. 

 coloro The ab. coloro Wriyht is founded on an old, dark yellow coloured specimen. 



P. indra. Thorax above anteriorly with yellowish lateral stripes. Spots on the wings whitish 

 yellow, much paler than in the allied species; the size of the spots rather variable. — A western mountain 

 species, which is difficult to catch; it occurs up to a height of 3500 m, and by jjreference inhabits rocky 

 land, where the buttertl_v suns itself on the rocks. It does not frequent flowers and is a shy, swift tlier. 

 No satisfactory observations of the earlier stages have been made. The larva according to Edwards lives 

 indra. on Artemisia. There are two subspecies. — The northern form with short tail is the true indra Rcak. (8 b); 

 it occurs in Colorado, Nevada, Utah and northern California. — The form which tiies in the mountains near 

 pergamus. \\w coast of South Cahfornia at 600-1000 m height is pergamus Ediv. ; it is distingLushed by its 

 long tail. 



aiiaska. P. machaoti. This Palaearctic species is represented in America by the subspecies aliaska Sciidd. 



(=: joannisi ]'erit//) (8b). The black band on the hindwing is broader than in the geographically nearest 

 subspecies kamtschadd/ns. A/iaska is rather common in July and August in Alaska, at the mouth of the 

 River Yukon and on othei' rivers, as well as in the neighbourhood of lakes, prol)ably everywhere in the 

 lowlands where Umbelliferae grow. The insect is however still rare in European collections. Eastward 

 aliaska occurs as far as Hudson's Bay. 



Thoas-Group. 



The following species of the / li oa. t- gvoup have all a spatulate tail. The larvae bear a saddle-spot before 

 the middle and a large diffuse sidepatch on the last segments. 



P. thoas. The spatulate tail has a yellow spot in the middle. The species occurs from Texas and 

 the West Indian Islands southwards to Buenos Aires, but is wanting on the Lesser Antilles. It is every- 

 where common and tlies in the open country, in gardens and plantations. Thoas is a very bold tlier, which 

 melonius. often mounts high in the air. The larva lives on Piperaceae and Clitrus. — melonius U. & J. is the sub- 

 species from Jamaica; it has no cell-s})ot on the upper surface of the forewing. The reddish yellow spots 

 oviedo. on the under sui'face of the hindwing are very large. — oviedo Guiidl. (= epithoas Oberth.) occurs on 

 Cuba. The upper surface of the forewing, and especially the under surface, are more extended yellow and 

 autocles. have also a deeper tint than in the other subspecies. — autocles ii'. (& J-, occurring from Texas to 

 nealces. Nicaragua, has no cell-spot; the yellow areas are pale. — nealces B. & J. is distributed from JMicaragua 

 to North-West Ecuador and eastward to Trinidad and the Lower Orinoco. The forewing has always a 

 cell-spot: the yellow tint is somewhat deeper than in aidodes, but less deep than in the next subspecies; 

 very couunon in Bogota-collections. — thoas L. comes from the Guianas and the Lower Amazon. Deep 

 cinyras. yellow; forewing with cell-spot, the first spot near the apex of the wing usually small. — cinyras Mvn. is 

 a large form, which inhabits the Middle and Lower Amazon and the eastern slopes of Ecuador, Peru and 

 hrnsiliensis. Bolivia; the submarginal spots of the forewing are almost always absent. — brasiliensis /<'. it' •/. (7a), 

 from Brazil, Paraguay and North Argentina, is often still larger than cinyras; the cell-spot of the forewing 

 is absent or small, the first spot near the apex of the wing is mostly large and produced into a point. — 

 //(om/mrfcs. thoantiades Bnrm. occurs in Argentina, especially in the province of Buenos Aires. It is a small form, 

 usually with narrow, jiale yellow band. 



Iiomothoas. P. homothoas B. (£• J. (7 c). Tail shorter and more rounded at the tip than in the i/io«,s- forms 



from South America; no cell-spot on the forewing. Genitalia quite different from the organs of P. thoas; 

 instead of the long anal clas]iei' of thoas there is a short fork, the teeth of which are curved right and 

 left; harpe broad, lounded, Orinoco, Colombia, Marguerita Island off the coast of Venezuela. 



cresphontes. P. cresphontes 0-. (7 a). Usually considered a slightly different variety of P. thoas. No cell-spot 



on the forewing; the fifth discal spot projecting further than the sixth. Claspers of the cf separate above, 

 the anal hook quite short, the lower part of the anal segment likewise quite different from that of P. thoas; 

 harpe broad, rounded. A common species in eastern North America, occurring as far as Costa Rica in 

 the south and southern Canada in the north; but the insect is a wanderer, which is found only now and 

 then in the nortiierii districts. In the United States it does not extend westward beyond the Mississippi 

 plain, except in the Southern Slates. Its ti'ue home is the region adjoining the Gulf of Mexico. It occurs 

 also on Cuba. 



