26 PAPILIO. I'.y Dr. K. Jordan-. 



P. androgeus. As in the preceding species the sexes are dilTerent and the ? occui's in many 

 districts in two forms. Tail narrow, pointed. Hindwing above with narrow bluisli submarginal crescents, 

 beneath with a regular row of reddish j-ellow crescents between cell and outer margin. Larva on Citrus; 

 similar to that of F. lijvophrun ; as in that species the pupa has on the upperside of the abdomen two rows 

 of small tubercles. The butterfly is common in the open country, in gardens and at the edges of woods. 



epidaums. West Indies and Mexico southwards to Paraguay and South Brazil. — epidaurus Godm. & Sa/r. occurs on 

 Cuba, Haiti and St. Lucia and also inhabits Central America from Mexico to Panama. cT: the yellow area 

 very broad: ?: forewing with indications of a yellow band outside the cell; the grey-blue scaling on the 



androgeus. hindv/ing dense. — androgeus Cr. (d" — policaon Cr.) (10 a), o": the yellow area less pale than in the 

 following subspecies. ? in two forms: ?-f. androgens Cr. (10a) has on tiie forewing two large yellow 



piranthus. patches, sometimes also a small spot; in the ?-f. piranthus <'r. these spots are wanting or are merely 

 indicated, the metalhc scaling of the hindwing is not dense and extends into the cell. From Colombia to 

 laodociis. Bolivia, Matto Grosso and Para. — laodocus F. (10a) inhabits Brazil proper, southwards to Parana. The 

 yellow area of the cf is pale, the small spots placed before the extremity of the cell are smaller and often 

 entirely wanting. Only one ?-f. known ; this is similar to the ?-f. ati(/ru(/etis of the preceding subspecies, 

 but the upper yellow spot is smaller than the second. 



Glaucus-Group. 



The following species of the (//(^(fcw.s-group, with the exception of P. jj/Ikuiiiiis, have in the hindwing- a 

 broad, strongly asymmetrical cell. The abdomen is striped longitudinally, not spotted. t)n the forewing the 

 marginal band is connected with the 5. transverse band by a costal hook-shaped spot, whilst oil the tailed hindwing 

 a band running along the hindmargin forms a lai-ge V with the median band. The larva has an eye-spot on each 

 side of the 3. thoracic segment and on the 4. segment a black transverse dorsal line, which, however, is wanting 

 in pilaiiiiiKs. The eggs are laid singly on leaves. The larva spins on the upper side of a leaf a silk cushion on which 

 it rests. The edges of the leaf are more or less bent together by the threads. — The species occur in North 

 America and Mexico, and inhabit the open country. 



P. glaucus. The subapical hook-mark of the forewing is yellow in the middle, black at the edges; 

 hindwing beneath more or less orange proximally to the black postdiscal line. The $ occurs in two forms, 

 with the exception of the northern districts. Larva polyphagous, especially frequent on Rosaceae, lime, 

 birch, ash, etc., in the North one generation, in the Middle States two and in the South three generations. 

 The butterfly is very common; it visits flowers, and is also fond of feeding on putrid or strongly smelling 

 substances. The motion up and down is rather swift, and when the insect is frightened and takes to flight, 

 it hurries away with violent tlajiping of the wings in an irregular zigzag course. Two geographical forms. — 

 canadensis, canadensis 11. d: J. is a small form with broad black hindmarginal band on the hindwing; the yellow sub- 

 marginal spots on the under surface of the forewing form a continuous line. From Newfoundland to Alaska 

 and southwards to New England. — glaucus L. {& = turnus L., antilochus L., australis Maj/ii.). The black 

 abdominal margin of the hindwing narrower than the interspace between it and the cell; the 3. black band on 

 the forewing on the whole shorter than in the northern form. The ? is dimorphic. Intermediate specimens 

 turnus. are rare. The ? resembling the cf is ?-f. turnus L. (I'b); in the second form the ground-colour is brown-black 

 glaucus. and the bands consequently stand out only very faintly: ?-f. glaucus (9a). From southern New England 

 fletcheri. to Florida and the Mississippi Plain, cf o^ with enlarged irregular black markings are the ab. fletcheri Kemp. 



rutahis. P. rutulus Luc (9b). Forewing more })ointed than in (/launts, the hook-mark much less scaled 



with yellow; hindwing without orange spot proximally to the black postdiscal line. Harpe of the <f with 

 ammoni. simple dorsal hook and the apex of the harpe dorsalh" to the apical spine not rounded, ab. ammoni 

 arizonensis. Behreug is founded upon dark yellow specimens (turned yellow?) from Nevada, and ab. arizonensis Edu\ 

 refers to specimens with broad black bands. — The larva lives upon willow, it is very similar to that of 

 glaucus, but the thoracic spot is more oblong. The insect is an inhabitant of the west side of the 

 continent, where it occurs from British Columbia to Arizona and Colorado. It is thei'e fulh' as common as 

 glaucus in the east and is chiefly found at the lower levels, although it also occurs in the mountains. 



daiiniis. P. daunus Boisd. (^ multicaudata Kirhij) (9 c). An extremely variable species both in the extent 



of the black bands and in individual size. Hindwing more strongly dentate than in the preceding species. 

 The tooth behind the tail nearly always prolonged to a short pointed tail. The hook -mark on the 

 forewing is always scaled with yellow along the centre, the bands are narrower than in ruiuhis, the 4. 

 black band of the forewing is narrower than the apical yellow ceU-space. Southern specimens are on the 

 whole larger than northern ones. — Larva on Rosaceae, very similar to that of glaucus. The insect occurs 

 from British Columbia and Alberta southwards to Guatemala; it is a species of the mountainous and prairie- 

 like districts, which speeds along in swift, untiring flight, without stopping at flowers. 



eurymedon. P. eurymedon Luc. (=: lewisi Kirbg, arizonensis Wright) (9c). Ground-colour paler than in the 



allied forms, the black bands broad; the hook -mark on the forewing not filled up with yellowish white 



