I'AIMLIO. I'.y Dr. K. .InunA.v. 31 



Zagreus-Group. 



The i-einaining Fluted -Papilios are powerfully liuilt insects with strong; neuration in tlic forewing. The 

 frons is either (piite black or bears a yellow mesial line, never a yellow lateral streak along the eye. In the 

 mimetic er////v;/.v - group the antennae are long, yellow, with thin club; the frons has a yellow mesial "stri])e, the 

 breast is diagonally streaked with yellow, the abdomen is for the most part yellow, the costal margin of the fore- 

 wing is not dentate, the cell of the foi'ewing is broad and the hindwing is rounded, without a tail. The species 

 resemble Tithorca species, but are much more powerfully Iniilt. The earlier stages are unknown. I'he $? are very 

 rare in collections: they are similar to the o^'cf- 



P. zagreus Douhl. (He). The .spots of the forewiiig orange, the marginal ones yellow; liindwing ^rti)''<'">'- 

 orange, a marginal liand enclosing a yellow submarginal spot, a basal snbeostal area, a ])atch in the 

 extremity of the cell, as well as several spots on the disc, black. — Veneznela and Colombia, southwards 

 to Bolivia, desoeiHling on the Amazon as far as Ega: varying individually, bid not distinctly geographically. 



P. ascolius. Hindwing without l)lack spols in the cell and on the disc. (lhiri([ui to West Ecuador, 

 occuiTing in Colombia together with the preceding species. Geographically and individuallv variable. — 

 zaiates Godm. dk Sn/r. is the most northern form. The cell area of the forewing is dusted with black, the zalates. 

 subapical cell-spot is narrow, the discal spots are short, the nuirginal area of the hindwing narrower than 

 in the other forms and the hindwing beneatli deeper orange. Uepubhc uf Panama, found in various locali- 

 ties, daguanus //. rf- J. The cell-spot of the forewing as in ^ahifex, the discal s])ot.s on the contrary as daguanus. 

 in asco/his, the discal spot between the 1. ami '2. radial much shorter than the one placed behind it; hind- 

 wing pale, much less orange than in i/!<rolii(^, the black basal streak broad, entering the cell, behind this 

 streak a large black spot on the disc. West Colombia, at the Kio Dagua. — ascolius Fldr. (lie). The (;,sr(i///;,s. 

 basal area of the cell of the forewing always pure pale yellow, between the 3. radial and 1. median two 

 spots touching the cell; cell of the hindwing and the adjoining pai'ts of the disc orange. .Magdalena Valley 

 and ("ordillera of Bogota. — rosenbergi Dnio: The subapical cell-spot of the forewing large, the discal rosmliergi. 

 spot between the 1. and 2. radial usually small, sometimes absent, rarely large, the following discal spots 

 on the whole larger than in the preceding forms, whilst the ])osterioi- submarginal s[iots are snuiller; the 

 hindwing mostly \-ery [lale, yet sometimes more orange than the palest s])ecimens of usco/l/is. West Ecuador, 

 f(umd by Rosen in.n((i at a height of 1000 to S.'iOO ft. 



P. bachus. T'he orange area of the hindwing of the preceding s])ecies is here only represented by 

 a narrow variable band: however, the veins are often more or less yellowish on the underside. The ? is 

 not known. Colombia to Bolivia. Two subspecies. — bachus F/i/r. (lie). The yellow spots of the fore- luf/nis. 

 wing above and beneath quite pale, only the proximal cell-spot and the posterior (hscal spots somewhat 

 orange. Colombia: found by Dr. BiaiiJEi! at tlu^ beginning of the rainy season in the Cordillera of Bogota : 

 rare in collections. — chrysomelus //. &■ J. The forewing orange above and beneath from the base to the duysomt'/as. 

 disc, at the costal margin more or less pale yellow. I'ern and l5olivia, not rare. Erom Ecuador no siiecimen 

 of IkkJius has become known to us. 



Scamander-Group. 



P. hilhiiilcliiis, sc(uii(/i/i/i-r, birr/ml//' and xiiiifhdjihii ra belong to the sriniunnltr - a:rtm\). The frons is black 

 and the otherwise black palpus has a white dot. The costal margin of the forewing is feebly dentate, especially 

 near the base, but the dentition only becomes distinct if the ma'rgin is denuded. Only the larva of sramuinJi-r is 

 known; when full-grown it is black-lirown beneath, green elsewhere, and bears a transverse band before and behind 

 on the 3. thoracic segment, as well as two diagonal bands on the abdomen, which are usually united on the back, 

 forming an X-sha])ed mark. The young larva on the contrary is brown and has on the middle segment and on 

 each of the posterior ones a large grey patch. The pupa is green or lirown-grey: it is fastened tow down on tlie 

 stem, usually close to the ground. On I\lagnolia, Canella and Citrus. 



P. hellanichus Ilvtc. (lid). The yellow spots on the upjjcr surface of the wings are large. "Yhv iwUaniduis. 

 insect reminds one superficially of iiiachaon, with which, however, it is not closelx allied. The markings of 

 the under surface as well as the structure prove that IieUoiiiclms is the southern i'epresentati\c ni' acaturijidcr. 

 The cell has also on the upper surface a yellow sjiot, which on the forewing is sometimes very small, on 

 the hindwing alwaj's large. T'he sjujts of the discal band have almost all reddish ti[is. ? ([uite similar to 

 the (f. — Uruguay and the adjoining parts of Argentina and Bi'azil, especially in the neighbourhood of the 

 river and on the islands in the estuary of the La Plata. 



P. scamander. Cell of the forewing without spot, that of the hindwing sometimes with a small 

 spot; a pale yellow cur\ed discal band, broken u|) into sjiots, on both wings, o"' and ? ver\' similar. Larvae 

 and pupae described above. Brazil, connnon in hilly country, though not everywhere. Three geographical 

 forms, which com])letely intergrade. — grayi Boisd. The submarginal macular band of the forewing evenly grayi- 

 curved, the discal band broadest posteriorly: the red discal spots (m the under surface of the hindwing 

 separated from the discal band. Bahia to Parana. — eurymander ff"i'tf'. The first 2 or 3 submarginal ewymander. 



