PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jordan. 35 



band on the upper surface: ?-f. nais R. d- J. like ?-f. zadduchi, but the markings ot the forewing white, nais. 

 Merida in Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. — inca IL d- J. The cell-spot of the forewing mucli more inca. 

 oblique than in the preceding subspecies, forming with the median vein an acute ans^le; discal Ijand of the 

 hiudwing convex distally, posteriorly stronglj' narrowed; the tail narrow, non-spatulate. Clhanchamayo. 



P. euterpinus Godm. & Salv. (12c). Tailless; markings of the upper surface yellowish red. The ? euterpitms. 

 similar to the (f, somewhat paler and larger. — From West Colombia to North Pei'u. The butterfly is an 

 enlarged copy of the Pierid genus Perente. The insect is usually considered as nearly allied to zagreux, but 

 according to the structure and markings it belongs to the //owerMs-group near to cacicus. The butterfly is 

 still very rare in collections. 



C. Kite-Swallowtails. 



Antenna with more distinct club than in the Aristolochia- and Fluted-Papilios, scaled on the upperside, 

 but tiu^ scales, like those of the tibiae and tarsi, easily fall off. the fine sensory hairs are distributed as in 

 the Fluted-Papilios. The dorsal spines of the tarsi are separated from the ventral spines by a spineless, 

 impressed interspace. The wings in most species are thinly scaled, the scales often modified to fine hairs : 

 the blue or green bands of many species of the Eastern Hemisphere are only covered with tine hairs on 

 the underside, the pigment lying in the membrane of the wing, in the American Kite-l^apilios also the 

 membrane of the wing is green at least at the base, with the exception of the dark mimetic species. In a 

 great number of these Papilios the 1. or 1. and '2. subcostals of the forewing are distally fused with the 

 costa; the cell of the hindwing is mostly narrow and its anterior margin incurved between the subcostal 

 and the 1. radial. The abdominal margin of the hindwing in the cf is widened and usually bent over; in 

 this fold lies a scent-organ, which is rarely absent; the scent-scales are sometimes very different in nearly 

 allied species; Init the organ also varies geograpiiically. The apical margin of the 8. abdominal dorsal 

 segment of the cf, which becomes visible after the removal of the genitalia, is smoothly scaled, the small 

 scales standing erect ; except in the Kite-Swallowtails this character is found in no American Papilio ; the 

 10. dorsal segment of the d'd' of the American Kite-Papilios is likewise characteristic; this anal process is 

 divided into three parts by two narrow incisions, only in P. celadon the process is simple in consequence 

 of the absence of the two side parts. — Unfortunately the larva of only very few species is known. The 

 3. thoracic segment is swollen, as in the larvae of the Fluted-Papilios; the thoracic segments and the anal 

 segment often bear dorsally short thorns, also traces of tubercles are usually found on the other segments; 

 the pattern consists of small spots, transverse lines or short longitudinal streaks, e\'e-spots and oblique 

 barxds are wanting. — The pupa is shorter than in the other Papilios, the head and thorax are not at all 

 or only w-eakly curved upwards, the thoracic horn is long and four-sided, the lateral carina forming the 

 prolongation of the raised edge of the case of the hindwing: the abdomen has two dorsal carinae, which 

 convei'ge in front and behind: the anal segment is longer than broad. — The butterflies are in great part 

 longwinged insects with triangular hindwing. The long-tailed tonus with the wings spread out remind one 

 of a paper kite. The Kite-Papilios are nimble fliers. Although the mimetic forms usually imitate the 

 sluggish flight of their models (Aristolochia-Papilios, Pierids, Daiuiids etc.), yet they show great adroitness 

 and speed when they take to flight in alarm. The o^cf often congregate in great crowds in moist places, 

 at the edge of rivers, lakes, puddles etc.. w^here they drink with a quivering motion of the half opened 

 wings; they also visit flowers. The Kite-Papilios are insects of the open, sunny part of the wooded 

 districts, of the clearings in the forests and their edges. Naturally this refers luore to the o'^o'^ than to 

 the ??; the latter, of many species at least, are only rarely taken by the collector, because tiiey have 

 difTerent habits, remaining in the thickets and woods and not joining the crowds of cfcf drinking at the 

 water; the ?? of many very common forms are not yet known at all. The Kite-Papflios do not extend so 

 far north as the Fluted-l^apilios. 



Lysithous-Group. 



The species of the l'/tIi>sons-grouY> are characterised by red basal spots on the under surface of the wings. 

 Ha ASK rightly recognised these forms, so similar in apjiearance to the Aristolochia-Papilios, as belonging to the Kite- 

 Papilios ; all other authors liave erroneously classified them with the Aristolochia- and Fluted-Papilios. The bright- 

 coloured larvae are striped longitudinally and bear a V-shaped saddle-spot before the middle; the thorax is spotted. 

 The pupa is short; the abdomen elarged in the uiiddle. The species are found from Mexico to Argentina. 



P. pausanius. A copy of HdkoniH^ rli/fia L. According to Bates the butterfly certainly has the 

 sailing and circling flight of the Heliconians, yet is not, like the Heliconians, a species of the forest shades, 

 bit is found on the muddy banks of rivers and lakes or flies round the tops of high trees. Wings above 

 green-blue, with large pale 3'elloA\- area on the forewing, hindwing short, often truncate. The scent-organ 

 is wanting in the cf. The S resembles the a". From Costa Rica to Northern Brazil (Goyaz), — prasinus prasinns. 

 R. &• J. Wings above strongly metallic ; discal spots of the forewing longer than in the following form, 

 the white submarginal spots of the hindwing very small, the anterior ones only indicated, the red basal 

 spots of the underside smaller than in the remaining subspecies. Costa Rica. — cleombrotus Sfreck. from cleombroius. 



