38 PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Joedan. 



(liscal spots and a rather large cell-spot on the forewing; the apical half or two-thirds of the cell of the 



hindwing red, as are also 6 large discal spots, abdominal margin at least partly red. Venezuela. — 



inetairenes. mctagencs B. & J. cf : forewing usually with a band reaching from the hindmargin to beyond the S radial, 



merely indicated on the underside; hindwing with 4 or 5 spots placed separate from the cell. ?: forewing 



with the long white discal band which is also peculiar to the Aristolochia-Papilios P. anchisrs flielio^ and 



P. aqlaope, this band consists of two large spots with a smaller one placed before and behind them; hind- 



gayi. wing with 6 red spots, 3 of which are contiguous to the cell. Para. — gayi Lucas, cf and ? very variable : 



anargiis. 3 principal forms: f. anargus E. & J. (13 d). forewing without band or spots; f. cyamon (rrai/ (= charoba 



cyamon. ]\/'rbi/) (13d), cf with narrow band on the forewing, on the whole somewhat more distally placed tiian in 



the o"" of evagoras, ? with narrow, indistinct band on the forewing, with cell-spot on the hindwing, the spots 



on the hindwing sometimes yellowish white; in f. gayi Liic. (= aristagoras Fldr.; arianus Stand.) the (f has 



on the forewing a more or less square hindmarginal sjiot, whilst the ? has 1 or 2 large discal spots, usually 



also a small third spot and often a cell-spot in addition. These different forms are not separated geograph- 



leuctra. ically. Distributed from Golomi)ia to Bolivia and the Amazon dow^iwards to Manaos. — leuctra //. <& J. cf : 



forewing with a pure white area, of almost even width, reaching from the hindmargin to tiie 1. median. 



above about 6 mm. broad and on the underside only a trifle narrower: hindwing with B long red discal 



spots, the 3 middle ones contiguous to the cell. Goyaz, Brazil. 



Has. P. ilus F. (— hostilius Fldr.; guaco Stc/r. (14a). cf2: under suiface without red basal spots on the 



forewing, with 4 red basal spots on the hindwing. Forewing with or without a patch in the extremity of 



the cell, with 2 or 3 white spots on the disc, the posterior one. ])laced behind the 3. median, the largest. 



North Venezuela. Northern (^lolombia, Panama; rare in collections. 



P. branchus Daub/. Head and breast with red dots, a spot on the forecoxa white. Wings opaque : 



forewing with or without white spots; hindwing with broad red discal band. Under surface without red 



braiidius. basal spots on the forewing, with 4 such spots on the hindwing. Sexes similar. In the f. branchus Doubl- 



helephantes. (14 b) the forewing has a variable white central area, which is absent from f. belephantes Godm. & Salv. — 



Mexico to Costa Rica. 



betesis. P. bclcsis Bates (14b). Similar to the preceding species, hindwing with a band of 6 to 7 red spots, 



parallel to the margin, placed nearer to the margin than to the cell. Forewing in f. belesis B<(tcg without 



lu'plKiestion. white spot, in f. hephaestion Fldr. with a spot between the 2. and 3. radial and sometimes the indication 



of a second spot liehiiid the 3. radial. — Mexico to Nicaragua. 



P. thymbraeus. The small spots on head and breast grey-yellow, often slightly reddish. Upperside 

 of the wings slightly but yet distinctly metallic blue or green; forewing without markings, but with white 

 fringes; hindwing with a slender tail and 1 or 2 rows of spots between cell and margin. Under surface 

 with red costal basal spot on the forewing and 4 basal spots on the hindwing. Larva on ('.hirimo\a: the 

 thorax dotted with blue and yellow; striped with white and black from the 4. segment backwards, the 

 white stripes with small blue and yellow spots, the sides blue, from the 5. segment dotted with yellow. 

 Pupa green, as in the allied species, appearing constricted at the base of the abdomen. The butterfly tlies 

 in the open country the whole year through, and is rather common at a height of 500 to 1560 m. — 

 tliymbrtteus. thymbracus Boisd. (14 b) is distributed from East Mexico to Honduras. The hindwing in cf and ? has 

 aconophos. 2 rows of red spots. — In aconophos Gray the hindwing has only one row of red spots, the discal row 

 is absent. Central and West ilexico. 



P. lysithous. A polychromatic species. The different individual forms with one exception were 



originally descrii)ed as species and have been regarded as such until recently. The forms are coiniected 



with one another by intergradations ; moreover, the specific identity of 3 of the varieties (pomponius, rurik, 



Lt/sithous) has been proved by breeding. Underside of the forewing with 2 red basal spots, hindwing 



with 3; all the forms with a tail. Larva on Anona, resting by day on the upperside of a leaf at the 



middle vein, on the lower branches and root-shoots, near Petropolis all the year round, except in June and 



July (middle of the dry season) : black with yellow longitudinal stiipes and white-yellow saddle-spot. The 



pupa as in the allied species green with yellow lateral streak. Brazil and Eastern Paraguay. The principal 



platydesma. forms, which do not everywhere occur together, are the following: f. platydesma B. & J. (^ harrisianus 



atictA (14b), the white band of the forewing very broad, continued over the cell to the costal margin; 



luimsiiiniis. f. harrisianus Sivalns. (^ claudius Boisd.; athous Fldr.), the white band of the forewing broad posteriorly, 



strongly naii'owed anteriorly, not entering the cell, the part from the lower angle of the cell to Ihe costal 



margin narrow or absent, as in the preceding form the posterior subrnarginal spots of the hindwing large; 



oedipus. i. oedipus Fldr. (= sebastianus Oberth.) (14 a), forewing with double spot from the 1. median backwards, 



lysithous. hindwing without white band, the 4 ])osterior subrnarginal spots large; f. lysithous Ilbii. (14a), band of the 



brevi- forewing narrow, often abbreviated (ab. brevifasciatus Weiim.), hindwing with small submarginal spots, the 



tUSClUtUS . ./ /" r? ^1 



extendatiis *^iscal band usually oidy extending U) the 1. median, sometimes longer and more distal (ab. extendatus 



ruriti. Weym); f. rurik Kschsch. (^= rurikia id. in tab., iaius Boisd.). band of the forewing abln-eviated. hindwing 



pomponius. without white band, the 4 posterior submaigmal spots rather large: f. pomponiuS Hopjf'., hand of tiie fore- 



