PAPILIO. By Dr. K. Jokdan. 43 



tlie costa by several spots. I.arva nut known. Mexico to West Ecuador. — marchandi Boml. (16 b). The manliandi. 



brownish yellow discal band of the liindwiug beneath usually curved anteriorly. Discal area ot the upper 



surface of both wiui^-s deep dark yellow. Mexico to Honduras, in hilly country, in Guatemala comnmn up 



to 2500 ft. — panamensis Oln rth. The yellow colour on the whole jialer than in the northern form, some- pananwnsis. 



times pale yellow, the submari^inal spots between the '2. radial and the 2. median of the hindwing larger, 



the discal area of the forewing more deeply idented at the veins. ( losta Hica to West Ecuador. 



P. thyastes. Forewing with complete or iatenupted yellow discal liand and hindwing with large 

 yellow discal area; luiderside of the hindwing with red discal line. Ecuador to Bolivia; Brazil. — thyastinus thyastinus. 

 Obcrfli. The submarginal s])ots between the 2. and 8. radial of the forewing separated bj- a corresponding 

 discal spot, discal band usually interrupted at the 8. radial, the 1. submarginal spot is absent or small. Eastern 

 slopes of the Andes from North Ecuador to llentral Peru, Upper Amazon. — zoros //. d- J. Like the preceding; ~oros. 

 the 1. submarginal spot of the forewing sharply detined; the discal s[)ot i)etween 2. radial and 1. median 

 usually truncate distally, the upper angle not rounded. South-East Peru and Bolivia. — thyastes Driiri/ thyastes. 

 (^ diajjhorus Ilbii.) (16b). Paler yellow than the Andes forms; discal band of the forewing not interrujited, 

 or onlj' very slightly, the submarginal spot between the 2. and 8. radials (juite close to the discal spot or 

 partly merged together with it ; the black discal area of the hindwing not entering the cell. Southern 

 Brazil, only known from Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul. 



P. dioxippus Iteir. (16c). Wings on the upper surface with common green-yellow triangular area; ilio.xippiis. 

 forewing wdli vestiges of costal bands; hindwing with 2 red spots at the anal angle. — Very common in ■ 

 Bogota-collections; Valleys of the Gauca, Magdalena and Mela Itivers, at moderate elevations. ? not known. 



P. lacandones. The discal area of the forewing extends costad to the lower angle of the cell or 

 i)eyond it. Ciuatemala to Bolivia. ? not known. — lacandones Bales from (iuatemala and Panama. Fore- tacnmtones. 

 wing with 4- thin submarginal spots, discal area extending anteriorly beycnid the 2. radial. — diores />'. <r- ./. diores. 

 (16b). Forewing broader, with 5 submarginal spots which are larger than in the |n-eceding subspecies, discal 

 band not extending beyond the 2. radial, the subapical spot of the cell nuich smaller than in Iuckik/uiics. 

 Eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. 



P. calliste. Bands and spots of the wings pale yellow or greenish yellow, similarly arranged as in 

 dioxippus; submarginal row of the forewing curved; hindwing with 2, rarely 8 red spots, and with 2 very 

 large greenish yellow marginal spots from the 2. radial to the 1. median; underside of the hindwing with 

 pale marginal band. ? not known to us. Mexico to Gosta Rica. — calliste Bafes (^ lorzae Boisd.) (1(5 b). calliste. 

 The two outer cell-bands of the forewing clearly developed and the last but two more or less indicated, the 

 discal area emarginate at the cell before the 2. median. Western Mexico, Guatemala and British Honduras. 



— Olbius H. & J. Larger than the preceding form; also the outer cell-bands of the forewing suffused with olbias. 

 black in the middle; discal band broader, the black marginal area on both wings consequently narrower 

 than in callisle; submarginal line of the forewing only vestigial from the I. median backwards. Gosta Rica. 



P. leucaspis. Frons entirely brownisli black: abdomen yellowish beneath; the wings with common 

 triangular green-yellow area; the brown marginal area with blackish lines parallel to the margin. $ not known. 

 Golombia to Bolivia; a very common species in the Andes. — lamis K.&.l. The posterior cell-spots of the lauds. 

 forewing large, very distinct also beiieath. Golondiia. — leucaspis dodl. (16 c). The cell-spots of the fore- leucaspis. 

 wing smaller, usually onl\' indicated beneath, the two outer posterior cell-s])ots nujre widely separated from 

 one another. Eastern slopes of the Andes, from Ecuador to Bolivia. 



Doiicaon-Group. 



The 7 following- Papilios forui the dvlicauH-\ixo\\\>. In these species no red or yellow band is present on 

 the under surface of the hindwinn-. In some species only the 1. subcostal of the forewing is eonfluent distally with 

 the costa, whilst in others the 2. subcostal also anastomoses with it. 



P. serville. Forewing with broad black cell-band, which runs obliquely from the costal margin to 

 the marginal area, being united with the latter. In the forewing the 1. and 2. subcostal distally confluent 

 with the costa, the 2. subcostal rarely free. ? not known. North Venezuela, Golombia to Bolivia. Gommon. 



— acritus R. & J. The spots on head and breast small, also the yellowish lateral stripe of the abdomen acrilns. 

 reduced, these markings sometimes absent; cell of the hindwing usually without blackish streaks. North 

 Venezuela, East and Central Golombia. — serville Gudt. (= servillei /?o/.s(/., boHviana Wec]xS) (16c). The serville. 

 spots on breast and head always present, abdomen with 2 yellowish stripes on each side, of which the 

 upper one is broad; cell-streaks of the forewing distinct, the subapical area of the cell always shaded with 

 brown; the pale patches before the margin of the hindwing, on the uiuler surface, more distinct than in 

 acriliis. West Golombia and Ecuador to Bolivia. 



P. Columbus Koll. (— hippodamus Fldr., burtoni Beak.) (16c). Very nearly allied to serville; the colu/nbus. 

 narrow green costal band of the forewing more oblique than in serrille, marginal area of the forewing 

 beneath more purplish white, the blackish lines in it and the yellowish streak on the underside of the 



