46 PARNASSinS. By H. Stichel. 



of the Rocky Mountains forming the boundaiy hne, whilst northwards they extend in Alaska as far as the 

 polar circle; in the mountains they ascend to about 4000 m (14 000 English ft.). 



America possesses representatives of only two of the groups into which Poriidssiiis can be naturally 

 divided accorcUng to the abdominal pouch, of which P. fJior, clodim and the aJbed forms are to be classified 

 with the Palaearctic c/H/vKs-group with whitish, elongated, vesicular pouch, whilst the smiiiflieus forms belong 

 to the ftjw/fo-group, in which the pouch is small, dark brown, carinate beneath, and pointed like a leaf. 



P. evcrsmanni Mm. (vol. I, 10 g) is represented in Alaska by a form with narrowed bands, to which 

 ihor. is to be applied the name of thor B. Edu:, proposed for the ?. Ground-colour of the cf yellow as in the 

 Asiatic form, markings of the wings agreeing rather closely with those of the ? of P. c/adiits, but the bands 

 and spots narrower, and the discal Iiand outside the cell somewhat further removed from it, less ii'regular 

 and more sharply defined; the hindwing without submarginal crescents, only 2 indistinct patches near the 

 disc, the basal and hindmarginal area blackish, at the usual places 2 ocelli filled in with red, the posterior 

 one connected with a black anal spot by a narrow band-like shading. ? whitish with broadened bands, the 

 anal spot on the hindwing with two red dots, its connection with the posterior ocellus broader, near the 

 outer margin a row of sharp black lunules. Only 3 specimens (1 cf, 2 S?) known: at the upper course of 

 the Yucon River, June. 



clodiiis. P. clodius Mm. (17 d) is very nearly allied to eversmamii. Ground-colour white, only in the ? the 



short costal band placed outside the cell connected with the hindmarginal spot by an irregular dusty band, 

 the glossy submarginal band of the forewing sharp but narrow, the cf with small, the ? with ' larger, 

 crescent-shaped submarginal spots on the hindwing; on the latter the anal spot mostly centred with red. 

 Coast district of Oregon and California, southwards to about San Francisco. The biology is stdl unknown. 

 It IS suspected that Viola is the food-plant, perhaps also Sedum and possibly Vaccinium or Rubus (dewberry) 

 (Wright). Is commonly (even in recent works) confused with the specifically different P. chirins h'rcr.^m. 

 alumrus. from Asia, or this name is applied to the mountain form of the species (see further below). — kh. altaurus 

 Dijar IS an aberration from the name-typical form with yellowish instead of red anal spots. — In the 

 Northern adjoining districts occurs a race, larger on the average, with much broadened marginal pattern 

 on the forewing. Marginal and submarginal bands are merged into a ])road stripe, through tlie ndddle of 

 cUmdianiis. \w\\\d\ runs only one row of small white crescents. This form has been introduced as claudianus Stirh. 

 (17 c). In the ? tiie black band-pattern is less intensive but broader, the connection of the costal spot and 

 hmdmarginal spot only shadowed as a narrow streak, on the hindwing very large marginal lunules, the 

 anal spot without red dot. Washington Ter., Vancouver Island, t\pes~No. 27918 to 27921 in the Kgl. 

 haldur. Zool. Museum BerHn. There are transitions to the typical form. — "baldur //. W. Edu: (17 e) occurs in the 

 mountains to the East of the district of the pi'incipal form. This is distinguished by reduced and less sharp 

 markmgs. In the o'' the hindmarginal. spot is mostly absent on the forewing and the anal spot on the 

 huidwmg; the posterior ocellus is reduced as a rule; the ? has no submarginal crescents on the hindwing, 

 the anal spot is rarely ceidred with red; in both sexes the white dusting very thin, somewhat transparent. 

 Sierra Nevada, about from the Emigrant to the Truckee Pass; also rei)orted from the Wahsatch Mountains 

 (Utah). Varies rather considerably, and forms on tlie one hand transitions to the coast form, on the other 

 hand there occurs a further reduction of the pattern. Specimens with p(jiid,-like, reduced posterior ocellus 

 hisca. are not rare: ab. lusca Sfirli. (17e); or those in which the two ocelli only remain as vestiges: ab. menetriesii 



"'lor'^'uini ''' ^^'"'"' ^^'^^■' ^" *'^^ "^'^^^' '^^'"^ ^^- •oi'^l"'"' <""■'!''■' "n which the ocelli are entireh' absent, occurs 



1"""- only sparingly. In the type of this form in addition all the black markings also are etfaced excejd two 



narrow oblong spots in the middle and at the end of the cell of the forevvhig and some blackish dusting 



gallatiims. at the hindmargin of the hindwing. — A further race from Montana, gallatinus SH^'h., is distinguished by 

 the band-pattern of the cf being in general weakly marked, while on the contrar\- there is a complete 

 discal band outside tlie cell , as in the ? of the typical form ; hindwing without anal spot and with small 

 ocelli ; the ? is more strongly marked, partly dusted over with black, the forewing with broader submarginal 

 band, on the hnidwing the submaiginal lunulus and the anal spot sti'ongly developed. Gallatin (bounty 



(EIjROOD). 



ur 



smintheiis. P. sminthcus Ihjiihl. is an American representative of the Asiatic P. phorbn^ F. Ground-colo... 



chalk- white, forewing with the pecuhar black spots of the apollo-gro\\\\ in the typical form an incomplete 

 submargmal band on the forewing, the costal spot faintly centred with red, the transparent border narrow 

 at the outer margin, commonly only extending to the middle of the wing, interrui)ted by white marginal 

 spots , the white fringes s|)otted with black at the extremities of the veins ; hindwing with 2 small ocelli, 

 filled m with red, hindmarginal spot as a rule weakly indicated. ? as a rule somewhat larger, forewing 

 Avith larger costal spots, filled in with red, strong hindmarginal spot and broader margin, hindwing with 

 larger ocelli, 1 — 2 anal spots filled in with red and a row of submarginal crescent spots. Extraordinarily 

 variable in size and markings, in the & the submarginal band of the forewing sometimes more strongly 

 developed, the glassy ])order very variously developed, the white patches of the same sometimes more 



