58 PIERIS. By J. Ruber. 



Bdr., from Chile, Peru and Bolivia, has somewhat more black markings than autodice. Larva violet, with 

 citron-yellow lonoitudinal Itands, head, legs and underside greenish yellow. Pupa pale yellowish, with blackish 

 dots, a small hump on the middle of the dorsum. Lives on Cleome pentaphylla and other allied plants and 

 causes the same damage to agriculture and horticulture as hrasaicar and n/par in the Palaearctic Region. 



srvata. P. sevata I'7(h-. (18 fj, from Colombia, Venezuela and Central America, is similar to moHifsfc, but is 



distinguished from it by a broad layer of scent-scales along almost all the longitudinal veins of the forewing- 

 and also two veins of the hindwing. The under surface of the cf is yellowish white, the apex of the fore- 

 wing somewhat darker yellow, the costal margin of the hindwing narrowly edged with ochre-yellow. — In 

 tibnrtia. ti'burtia Fruhi^f.. from Guatemala, the black apical spot has almost entirely disappeared and the black median 

 s])ol is reduced, apex of the forewing beneath yellowish white, hindwing beneath with more vivid glos.s, 

 timotiiia. rose-coloured instead of yellowish, veins not suffused with lilack. — timotina Fni/isf., from Peru, is larger, 

 with broader and moi'e extended black margin, which is deeply dentate, a large black median spot, under 

 amphissn. surface darker, median spot sharper and the veins more distinctly streaked with brown. — amphissa Frnl/sl., 

 from Bolivia, is smaller than tibiniin, upperside yellowish white, entirely witliout markings, only the costal 

 margin of the forewing lightly suffused with brown, without median spol, undei-side of the 'foi'ewing white 

 with yellowish apex and bruwn median spot, hindwing uniform pale yellowish white with orange-coloured 

 basal spot. 



sincera. P. sincera W'cijDi. (18f), from Ecuador (Guayacjuil), is greenish white above with black apical and 



distal-marginal area on the forewing as well as ver^' small black marginal markings on the hindwing. The 

 underside is lighter and without markings except a yellow stripe at the costal margin of the hindwing. 



baniae. P. buniae ///'//. (— endeis (iodt.) (19a) is the giant of the American .species of Flcris. From this 



iinsin. form, which occurs in the central provinces of Brazil, aus'ia Jj</i ., from the southern provinces, is distinguished 



by a somewhat more extensive development of the black maikings, which in both sexes sometimes occur 



nis('//a. also in the middle and at the distal margin of the hindwing beneath : to ab. rusella Fnihst. belong ?? in 



digentia. which the black band of the forewing is wanting (Bahia, Espiritu Santo). ?-ab. digentia Fni/isf., from Bahia, 



sabelln. is remarkable for the specially broad black band of the forewing. — sabella l-'ni/is/. ( = ausia Strfr.). from 



phaii'tin. the Upper Amazon, has no markings at all on the under surface of the hindwing. — pharetia Fnihst., from 



Peru, is larger, the apical spot of the forewing beneath is effaced, the underside of the hindwing only with 



impcvatoi: traces of a brown transverse band or without even these. — imperator Klrbi/, from the Upper Amazon, is 



the most darkly marked form : in it the ? has also on the upperside of the hindwing abundant black markings 



and on the upperside of the forewing a curved black band occupying half the costal margin and the dis- 



phaloi'. cocellular. — phaloe Godt., from the Upper Amazon, is smaller and with less markings than iiitjxiidor. — 



diana. diana FA/r., from Colombia, has the black apical and marginal markings diffuse. — sublineata >VAf/((.s (19 a), 



sublmeata. fj.o,-^ p^j-y^ jg distinguished chiefly by the strongly yellow^ colouring of the hindwing beneath. — All the 



forms of hiiiiiiie have an even broader layer of scent-scales at the veins than xrvaia. 



amaryiiis. P. amaryllis /•'. (19 a), from Jamaica, differs ivom jusejiha hy \\\q ,cafe-au-lait' colouring. — josepha 



josepha. (Jodm. and Sa/r. (19 a), from Mexico and Central America, also discovered by Herr L. Habtmaxn of Wiirz- 



burg in Texas, is undoubtedly nearly allied to the preceding species, but must certainly be regarded as a 



separate species on account of the peculiar form of the cf and the style of marking of the ?. On the under 



surface besides the black median spot of the forewing there are only quite small dark markings present in 



gervasia. the middle of the wings, ab. gervasia Fnihst. is a female form which has a white under surface w-ith grey- 



josephina. yellow scales. — josephina (unit, is the form .from San Domingo. — protasia Fnihst., from Honduras and 



protasia. Nicaragua, has a much smaller black median spot. — krugii Dnr., from Porto Rico, is smaller, the distal 



"'■^"" margin of the forewing more incurved, the black spots almost completely effaced. ■ . 



menacte. P. menacte Bdr. (19 b), from southern Brazil and Paraguay, is white above with dark scaling (some- 



times weanling) at the apex of the forewing. The ? has much darker markings. The under surface is yellowish 

 white with more or less blackish scaling (sometimes absent) along the veins of the hindwing. 



cmcifernnim. P. cruciferarum /?'/r. (= casta A'//., marginahs NtvfJ'/.) (t8f). from California, is plain yellowish white 



above, beneath more strongly yellow, with ochre-yellow strijie and narrow black edging to the veins of the 

 hindwing. 



rapae. P, rapae L. (19b) was introduced into Canada about 1860 and has since spread as far as Hudson's 



novangliae. Bay and South Texas. The larvae cause great damage every j-ear. ab. novangliae Scudil. is a sulphur-yellow 

 form. — Larva hght green, velvety, with a fine yellow longitudinal line on the back, paler laterally with 

 a narrow yellow stripe in which the black spiracles are placed, venter yellow-green, head brownish yellow, 

 20 — 30 mm. long. Lives on cabbages, Reseda, cress, etc. Egg pear-shaped with longitudinal ridges and trans- 

 verse folds, laid singly. Pupa yellow, greenish grey or brownish with 3 yellow stripes. 



