68 . GHARONIAS; APPIAS. By J. RObek. 



pharnakia. A. pharnakia FriiJnt. {— archoniaoides St;/r. i. L) (21 e), from Peru, is very different from all the 



above mentioned Arrho/iimi-fovms, and is probably a separate species. The upper surface is black-brown with 

 yellow spots on the forewing as on the underside, the hindwing is entirely without markings; ? in the 

 middle part of the forewing above and beneath brick-red. 



10. (leiius: Clinroiiias I->ol>. 



For the reasons given under Arc/ioiiias it is necessary to place the following species in a separate 

 wenus. In the neuration there is a slight difference in that the two discocellular.s of the forewing are of 

 equal length and the upper discocellular of the hindwing is consideral)ly shorter than the other two. The 

 palpi are somewhat longer and stronger than in Archoiiicn^. Above all the external appearance is important 

 in determining the genus. 



eurytete. Ch. eurytele }lin\ (21 e), from Ecuador and Clolombia, is brown on the proximal part of the wing 



and black on the distal part, in the latter are jdaced yellow spots; specimens with white spots may be des- 



albimacnlatii. cribed as al). albimaculata ah. nor. The under surface is quite similar to the upper, but there are rather 



/yfprtj-. large white submarginal spots at tiie distal margin of the hindwing. — In lyceas (Jo<h)i. mid Salv , from 



Panama (Bugaba), thei'e is only a streak-shajted spot of the brown colour of the forewing above present at 



dismorphitis. the inner margin, the under surface of the forewing is entirely black. — dismorphitis Btlr., from Chiriqui, 



disniorphina. has the forewing deep black with light yellow spots and the hindwing light brown. — dismorphina Stgy. 



i. I, from Colombia, likewise has the forewing very dark all over, with larger deep yellow sj)ots, the hind- 



nigrescens. wing being dark brown. — nigrescens Godin. mid Sale., from Guatemala, is a still farther darkened form. 



— The ?? are only somewhat larger, otherwise not different. 



theano. Ch. theano I'dc. (21 e), from Brazil (e. g. S:"io Paulo) is black with whitish streak-shajjed spots. The 



? instead of white marks has dark yellow ones in the proximal and sulphur-yellow in the distal part of the 

 wings. The under surface is similarly, but more copioush' marked, the hindwing is yellow with black veins 

 and black distal margin in which white spots are placed. 



II. Genus: Appias Hbu. 



In the neuration this genus agrees entirely with /'irris, but the cTo'' have a special characteristic, 

 namely two stiff tufts of hair (secondary sexual organs) on the anal claspers at the underside of the ab- 

 domen; the ?? are easil}' distinguished from those of Piciis b}' the peculiar colouring of the under surface, 

 which is weaker-marked and has a slight pearly gloss. The genus is represented in India by numerous 

 species, some of them beautifully coloured, and also in Africa by several species, but in America there is 

 only one certainlj' distinct species, which until recently was classed with the genus Duptojioiira. As the 

 synonymous generic name Taclajris, given by Wallace, indicates, the- insects belonging to this genus are 

 extraordinarily active. According to the observations of Di'. A. Seitz the Appias (especially dru^illa) are only 

 equalled in swiftness of flight among the butterflies by the representatives of the Hesperid genus Sputlii- 

 /rpia; in a few seconds they traverse long distances. They not only fly extremely fast but also manage to 

 take up their nourishment from flowers in the greatest haste. Only in imbibing water from the damp ground, 

 where these insects, i)articularly the males, sometimes settle in large crowds close together, do the}' allow 

 themselves time, and engage in this activity for the moment as an amusement. 



drusilla. A. drusilla (V. (- ilaire G:_>dt., margarita llhii., albunea Dalni.) (21 f) is distributed from Southern 



Florida to South Brazil, and is connnon. The cf is white above, with slight blackish apical marking on the 

 forewing, sometimes entirely without marking, beneath yellowish white without marking, only with a small 

 yellow stripe at the costal margin of the hindwing. The ? is white above on the forewing, on the hindwing 

 yellowish, and has broad black margins, beneath white with a reddish sheen and very weakly de\eloped 

 markings similar to those on the upperside, as well as yellow dusting at the base of both wings, especially 

 the forewing. The specimen figured by W. J. Holland in his Butterfly Book on plate XXXV as ? is accor- 

 ding to the shape of the wings a cf with strongly yellowish upper surface and more strongly developed 

 hollandi. black marking at the apex and basal part of the forewing; this form deserves special mention as ab. hol- 



janeira. landi ah. nor. — janeira Donnmgh., hitherto OJily observed in the Botanical Gardens at Rio de Janeiro, has 



also in the male yellow colouring at the base on the underside of the wings; v. BClnm-nohal'sen' regarded it 



poeyi. as a distinct species. — poeyi lHh:, from the Antilles, has in the cf no markings above and is somewhat 



more yellowish beneath; the ? has more strongly yellow ground-colour and slighter marginal marking on 



the hindwing above, the underside is likewise more \ellow than in dni.<il/(i-9. 



