CATOPSILIA. Hy ,1. Rubei;. 85 



streaks. Under surface of the forewing; at tlie base lemon-yellow, at the apex shghtly dusted with red- 

 lirownish. The hindwiiic; has a scarcely perceptible yellow tinge and before the distal margin a stripe com- 

 posed of brownish atoms, which, however, is not at all conspicuous. Only known to me from the description. 



T. agave 'V. (= judutta Hhu.. phiale f/o'//.. numa Bi/r.) Ciif). tVom Surinaiu, has the forewing uuich uiiaw. 

 rounded and very narrow. Upper surface white with black markings at the a\\e\ and blackish dusting 

 at the base of the forewing. Under surface white on the pioxinial jiart of both wings, otherwise yellow, 

 with a black dot at the discocellular of the hindwing and slight lilackish markings (ui the hindwing. 



T. messalina /•'. Shape and size as raJici. Upper surface white, distal margin of the forewing and nu'ssa/iiKi 

 a marginal spot on the hindwing black. Under surface yellow, with a bi'own spot at the apex of the forewing, 

 a marginal spot and lilack scales on tlie hindwing. — Jamaica. 



T. gnathene A''//-. Shape and size nf ulbuhi. Upper surface white with a very slight greenish tinge, gnathciw. 

 black distal margin, which is lather strongly widened at the ajiex and ternnnates in the anal angle of the 

 hindwing. Under surface of the forewing white, at the base and apex lemon-yellow, a hmgitudinal row of 

 reddish spots at the imier margin, a l.)lackish spot at the apex, a violet subapical sj)ot. Under surface of 

 the hindwing yellowish, with a small, light rust-brown lunular spot at the margin of the cell, a deep rust- 

 brown and a deep red-brown s[)ot (less sharply defined) at its posterior margin. - N'ueatan and (luba. 



T. phiale U/-. {24f), from the eastern part of tropical South America, is white with black margin \ii phin/r. 

 the forewing and narrow black distal margin to the hindwing, before which is placed a light yellow band. 

 The under surface is light yellow and alnmst without markings except for two black dots at the discocellular 

 of the hindwing. — Columbia F/(/r. (:=-- phialina Sli/r. l. /.), from Colombia and Bolivia, has somewhat ai///w/)/,;. 

 narrower distal margin on the forewing, in'oximally almost rectilinear, and the black di.stal margin of the 

 hindwing less developed. — Whether paula fonu. nor., from Sao Paulo, is a separate species or a form p<iiiia. 

 (perhaps a seasonal form) oi pliidle, I cannot say from the two male specimens Ijefore me. The black distal 

 margin of the forewing only I'eaches to the first median vein, that of the hindwing is broken up into small 

 dots and the under surface of the hindwing is dark yellow. Has two conspicuous black dots at the disco- 

 cellular and co]iious grey-brown macular marking. The apex of the forewing is likewise dark yellow. 



'JO. Genus: C/atopsilia ll/>n. 



This genus has about tlie same range as 7'ir/iis. In the mountains no species appears to ascend 

 beyond 2000 m. The species which belong here are mostly of consideralile size and fine, sometimes con- 

 spicuous, colouring. The powerfully built liody and the shape of the wings make the insects particularly 

 adajjted for swift flight. They use this capacity for distant migrations, in which extraordinarily large crowds 

 sometimes participate, their passage often lasting for hours. Apart from this the common species occur 

 in large swarms, enliven the damp banks (d" the rivers and contribute materially to the character of the 

 fauna of their district. The Cufopsi/iK-d'cf are not only immoderate water-drinkers, but are also attracted by 

 human sweat and urine, as Dr. Fi;. Ohaus proved during his travels in South America. He also observed 

 swarms of Cafojini/ia on the stianded l)odies of fishes. The ?? mostly remain in the woods and visit flowers, 

 on which of course c/o^ are also to be met with when they seek the company of the ??. — The rather 

 large head has prominent naked eyes, the palpi only pi'oject a little beyond the head, the anteiniae are 

 short and moderately soft, without distinct club, with truncate or indented tip. Subcostal foui'-l)ranched. 

 the first branch beyond half way between the base and the discocellular. the second branch arising shortly 

 before the discocellular, the fourth branch running into the distal margin, the ujiper radial coincident with the 

 subcostal to ',4, the middle discocellular shorter than the proximally cur\ed lower one. Hindwing rounded, in 

 some species prolonged into a tail at the submedian. The precostal is a mere knob. The larvae have the 

 usual Pierid shape and granulated skin, are grey or green and have a light lateral longitudinal stripe; they 

 live on Classia. The pupae are rather variously shaped : as far as they are known the_v will be described 

 under the respective species. — Contrary to the usual custom 1 refer (with A. Ci. Blttli;k) mni/ppr to the 

 following genus, from which it only differs in neuration by an unimportant deviation, whilst in its other 

 characters mi'tiippe agrees with GuneiAvvijx. — This genus contains some species which in beauty nnisl be 

 considered as the climax of develojimenf among the Pierids. 



C. eubule L. (= marcellina Cr. l ("_'-") a) occurs from New England to Argentina, also on the Antilles, enbiilc. 

 Upper surface in tlie cf lemon-yellow, lii^hter at the distal margins, and with black marginal line. Beneath 

 somewhat paler yellow with a silvery "eight", edged with red-brown, on each wing at the discocellular, a 

 black marginal line and irregular dark markings on both wings. The ? is somewhat })aler yellow, has a 

 row of marginal sjiofs on both wings, a large black median spot on the forewing and sometimes more or 

 less dark In'own marking. The under surface is deeper yellow and more marked than in the (f. — sennae /-. sennae. 

 (= yamana Uadi.) is beneath deeper yellow and more abundantly marked, the V being pale orange-yellow 



