C'OLIAS. Bij J. Bilha-. 93 



account of the dark scaling. According to Hi'REckkr white $$ also occur. The larvae hatch at the end of July, 

 in captivity they pupate in the middle of April. The full-grown larva is dai'k yellow-green, on the back 

 somewhat lighter than at the sides, densely covered with short black hairs which are placed on small tubercles, 

 each of which is surrounded with whitish, on each segment a black spot (occasionally absent), above the legs 

 a w'hite stripe, head light green. Pupa like that of mcudi. 



C. eurytheme BJv. (= amphidusa Bdv.) {Hi) is distributed from Canada to Mexico and from the cunjihnnc. 

 Atlantic to the Pacific; the species does not appear to ascend high in the mountains. It is extraordinarily 

 variable. — In hecate Weeks the wings are apparently somewhat more pointed, the veins in the apex of the fore- hrratc. 

 wing are less prominently yellow, the ground-colour is somewhat deeper orange-red. $-ab. alba Weeks is dis- """'■ 

 tinguished from the similar eurytheme-ionn ab. albina (= alba Stgr. i. I.) by more sharply defined and rounder albitm. 

 white spots in the dark distal margin. — keewaydin Edw. is the winter form with paler ground-colour in both keciraiiiUii. 

 sexes; the(^ has often a narrower dark distal margin. — The summer form eriphyle Kdw. ('27e) has yellow ground eriphijle. 

 colour and is above only distinguished from philodice by the yellow veins in the apex of the forewing. — ariadne ariadne. 

 Ediv. ('27f) suggests a distinct species on account of the localized distribution of the yellow and the oiange-red 

 colouring and by the narrow distal margin. — californiana Men., from New California, is compared by the vulilnniiand 

 author with the European edusa; in the description no definite differential characters are given; the under sur- 

 face is said to be as in mynnidone. — autumnalis Cock, is similar to eriphyle, but smaller, with narrower margins, (nih(i)iiiaUs. 

 the hindwing is more grey-green. Flies in the autumn and spring. — Full-grown larva with dark velvety green 

 back, on each side a narrow white line, on which are placed irregular shiny vermilion spots, some of them being 

 shaded with orange-yellow. Under surface green. Pupa green with a stigmatal yellow line, above \vhich on 

 each segment is placed a brown dot, a subdorsal brown spot, \vhich begins at the margin of the wing-cases and 

 occupies two or three segments. Egg greenish white, transparent, pointed at one end and obtuse at the other, 

 longitudinally ribbed, with oblique stripes between. 



C. Christina Edw. ('27f. g), from the Slave Paver, has slight orange-red ground-colour and is conspicuous christimi. 

 by tlie yellow basal part of both wings. The underside has no markings except the median spot. The $ is almost 

 white, its forewing with only a little dark dusting at the distal margin and Ijlack, white-centred median spot. 



C. lesbia F. is distributed from South Brazil (Eio Grande do Sul) southwards and westwards into the Icslna. 

 high mountains. Specimens from South Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina differ so little that they cannot be 

 separated. This form is in the male dark orange-yellow, specimens with violet reflections are not rare; the black- 

 brown distal margin is not sharply defined proximally. The under surface with the exception of the reddish 

 middle of the forewing is vivid yellow with the usual ('o/('rt.s-marking. The ground-C(.)lour of the upper surface in 

 the $$ is very variable: orange-yellow, j-ellow, yellowish or white with grey dusting; greenish grey specimens 

 also occur. The white $-form has the name ab. heliceoides ('apr. Probably the name pyrrhothea Hbn. (ilg) '"'':';,''"';'/'',■'''• 

 applies to the form from South Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, whilst the paler specimens from Patagonia ' 

 should be regarded as the true leshia. — andina Stgr., from B(jlivia (13000 — 4000 m), is sprinkled with blackish (itnlina. 

 and has a larger reddish basal spot on the underside of the hindwing. — arena Stgr., from Tierra del Fueg(j (Punta orena. 

 Arenas), has narrower forewing with more pointed apex, light orange-yellow upper surface and broader dark 

 distal margins. — antarctica Stgr., from Tierra del Fuego, is a white $-form with unspotted distal margin. — antarctica. 

 puna Fruhst., from Peru (Puno, 1'2 500 ft. elevation), has rounder wings, more thickly and darkly scaled, and puna. 

 narrower dark distal margin to the hindwing. — Flies from November to January. Cii. Darwin ol^served a large 

 swarm of these butterflies in Patagonia. 



C. hecia Lef. (= boothii Bdv., groenlandica Buhl, glacialis Mc. Lachl., hela Strecker) (27 g) occurs in tieiia. 

 Greenland and extends there to lat. 82". It differs from the Palaearctic form suUtelma Auriv. by dark, duller 

 ground-colour; the under surface has the same character. — pallida Skinner d- Mengel is a lighter form. pallUla. 



C. dinora Kirby (27 g), from Ecuador (12 000 — 16 000 ft.), is orange-yellow, with washed-out, moder- dinora. 

 ately broad dark distal margin to the forewing; the hindwing has a submarginal row of small, dark, inconspi- 

 cuous spots. The under surface on the forewing is somewhat lighter, on the hindwing somewhat darker than 

 the upper, the median spot is white, small and margined with reddish. The $ has lemon-yellow ground-colour 

 and yellow spots in the dark distal margin of the forewing — alticola Godm. d- Salv., from Peru (3000 m), (dlicuta. 

 is larger, has somewhat blue reflections, darker and broader distal margin to the forewing, also narrower distal 

 margin to the hindwing, more distinct median spot, sharper yellow colour on the liasal part of both wings and 

 somewhat lighter, but more strongly marked under surface. 



C. flaveola Bl. (27 h), from Chile and Bolivia (mountains), is pale orange-yellow in the $, in the rather fluvcola. 

 broad dark distal margin of the forewing are placed four large yellowish white subapical spots, the under sur- 

 face has dull sulphur-yellow ground-colour. Deeper orange-yellow coloured female specimens are common 

 and may be designated ab. saturata. — euxanthe Fldr. (= Scalidoneura hermina Btlr.) (27 h), from Peru, (,j,j.fn(/;je. 

 differs but little. The upper surface is deeper coloured and the under surface more strongly marked. White 

 $$ go by the name ab. alba Stgr. /. I. cdha. 



