174 CALLITAERA. By G. Wetjmer. 



scarcely be distinguished from the dried fohage and are not noticed until they fly uj). Herr Haensch, 

 who has been kind enough to give nie these notes on the habits of the Hatyrids, for which I am much 

 indebted to liim, has observed that specimens when pursued lay down flat on the dry leaves on the 

 around and could then only be found by startling them uii. The transparent species of Callitaera and 

 Haetera, as well as the nearly allied Pierella, are always found in the shady timber-forests, mostly singly 

 near the »round, and prefer the narrow foot-paths. When one comes near them, they rise at a distance 

 of a few paces and fly along the path close to tlie ground, soon settling again, Init only again to fly 

 off on being pursued. In this wa,y the weak-flighted insects may often be followed for quite a distance, 

 until, leaving tiie path, they are lost in the wood. The least shy of light are the genera Oxeoschistus, 

 Lasiophila, Pedaliodes and Corades, thus in general the most brightly coloured forms. These are fre- 

 quently mountain species, occurring at elevations of over '20()() m. They are met with gregariously flut- 

 tering backwards and forwards on the road or feeding on the ground at the excrement of cattle and other 

 foul substances, but always near to thickets, where they take refuge in danger. The species of Corades 

 are not easy to recognize in a bush, as they rest on twigs with the wings closed after the manner of 

 Kallivia. 



The Satyrids are distributed in America from the extreme south (Tierra del Fuego) to the arctic 

 regions of the far north. Tierra del Fuego produces an Erehia and a Cosmosa.iijrus, whilst in the northern 

 region occur, besides representatives of the genus Erehia, also of the genera Coenonympha, Satyrodes and 

 Oeneis. In the high mountains of South America the Satyrids ascend to the snow-hne and hence we find 

 in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia even at elevations of over 4000 m. single representatives of the 

 genera Pedaliodes, Lyvianopoda, Pseudovianiola and Cosmosatyrvs. Among these inhabitants of the moun- 

 tains there are some species which are very local and only have a limited range of distribution. Hence 

 on closer investigation of such remote, hitherto little explored districts new forms are still found. 



1. Genus: Callitaera Btlr. 



Delicate butterflies with thin Ijody, transparent, thinly scaled, rounded wings, small, sparsely 

 haired palpi, thin antennae, only a \ittle thickened apically. The costal vein of the forewing is strongly 

 swollen at the base, the median on the other hand but little, the submedian is basally forked. Two sub- 

 costal veins arise before the end of the cell, the upper discocellular is absent. In the hindwing in this 

 and the 2 following genera the costal and subcostal veins arise from the liase near together. The lower 

 discocellular runs into the origin of the upper median vein. — The species are distributed over tropical 

 South and Central America. They fly slowly and low in the early morning hours in dark timber-forests. 

 Several of the species are very similar and all are of nearly the same size. 



menander. C. menander Driiry {= andromeda F. (pt.)) (42 a). Forewing with the margins narrowly dusted 



with brownish and 2 fine brown transverse hnes, one running through the middle of the cell, the other 

 across the discocellulars, but both extending from the costal to the inner margin. On the hindwing near 

 the distal margin and apex a round black eye surrounded by a yellow and a brown ring and with a 

 white pupil, which, however, is not placed in the middle but at the distal margin of the black part. The 

 inner transverse line of the forewing is continued indistinctly on the liindwing, the outer one is somewhat 

 broader and more band-like-, forms on the anterior median vein a distally directed, acute angle and then 

 extends to the hindmargin. The posterior part of the distal margin is narrowly edged with brownish and 

 the space between it and the above-mentioned band is light rose-red, especially in the (5'. — Central 

 America. Colombia. 



pirela. C. pireta Cr. (42 a) is very similar to the preceding species and differs from it chiefly in having in 



the posterior half of the hindwing near the brown distal-marginal stripe a further brown suljmarginal 

 stripe, which is not present in menander. All these stripes, marginal, submarginal and outer median, are 

 covered, as it were, by the light rose-red colour. — From the Upper Amazon, Ecuador. 



aurora. C. aurora Fldr. is similar to t\w preceding species, l)ut according to the original discription is not 



marked with purple but pale lilac in the posterior part of the hindwing and is dusted with ochre-yellow, 

 and also has the ocelli on the wings elongated. The figure of aurora in Staudinger's exotic work pi. 77 

 does not agree with this. This figure I regard as belonging rather to the following aurorina; aurora Fldr. 

 aurorina. occurs in Colombia and North Brazil. — aurorina form. nov. (= aurora Stgr. nee Fldr.) (42 a). I give this 

 name to the form similar to pireta Cr., in which the light rose- or purple-red colour of the hindwing 

 extends from the distal margin into the cell and nearly reaches the base of the wing. From Colombia and 

 the Upper Amazon. 



pellucida. C. peilucida Btlr. (42 b) is a species similar to menander Drury, in which the rose-red dusting is 



entirely al:)sent. The brown marginal band and the similarly coloured submarginal band of the hindwing 



