176 PIERELLA. By G. Weymer. 



maclean- H. macleannania Bates (= diapliaiia Bilr. & Druce nee Luc.) (42 c), a similar, somewhat larger 



nania. species, with the wing-expanse 72 — 80 mm., which is distinguished liy having the posterior half of the 

 hindwing in the 5 rose-red between distal margin and submarginal stripe. In the ^ this rose-red colouring 

 is only present in the obtuse angle in the middle of the distal margin. The brown submarginal stripe is 

 mostly broader and more distinct than in piera, the eye-spots vary in size, sometimes in the $ attaining 

 a diameter of 5 mm. The ochre-yellow dusting in the diaphanous part of the hindwing is absent. — 

 Panama and Costa Rica. 



hiipaesia. H. hypaesia Hew. (42 c) is an easily recognized species, in which the broad dark brown submarginal 



band of the hindwing is united with the like-coloured distal margin, so that a marginal band of 4 — 7 mm. 

 in breadth is formed, in wMch is placed in each cell a hyaline spot. On the forewing a narrow strijje of 

 dark brown dusting runs from the discocellular to the inner margin. Above the ej^e-spots of the hindwing 

 are not distinguishable, beneath on the contrary distinct, one between the 2 radials, the other close beside 

 the middle median vein. Both are black with brownish yellow ring and white pupil. In many specimens 

 the submarginal band is traversed by a row of brownish yellow lunules. — Connnon in Colombia, Ecuador, 

 Peru and Bolivia at elevations of 1000 — 2200 m. 



o. Genus: Pierella Westw. 



The shape of the forewing is similar as in the jjreceding genera, but that of the hindwing different. 

 The distal margin of this wing is in most species undulate, in some it is obtusely angled at tlie upper 

 median vein, in dracontis it is produced into a j)oint. Although the wings are more densely scaled than 

 in CaUitaera and Haetera, yet the scaling is not nearly so dense as in the following genera. The wings 

 are therefore in all the P/ere/ia-species still to a certain extent semitransparent although not altogether 

 diaphanous. The principal distinctive character of the genus is here also found in the position of the 

 lower discocellular of the hindwing. This reaches the median between the origin of the middle and that 

 of the lower median vein, thus between M^ and M,. The costal vein and the subcostal of the hindwing 

 arise separately at the base. The submedian of the forewing is furcate at the base. The SS have on 

 the upperside of the hindwing in the middle of the inner margin a small oval spot, measuring 2 — 2^4 nim., 

 which is bare or covered with more deeply placed scales. In most species this spot is hght coloured, in 

 some with a dark central dot, but in asiijoche it is dark brown, so that it is here easily overlooked. Only 

 in hortona is it large, 10 mm. long and 3 Ijroad, and of a light ochre-yellow colour. The size of the 

 species varies between 55 and 75 mm. wing-expanse. The range of distribution extends over the whole 

 of tro23ieal America, some species reach South Brazil in the south and Jlexico in the north. 



a) With Hght, dark-bordered transverse band on the under surface of both wings. 



nereis. P» nereis Drury (42 d). cJ 62 mm., $ up to 72 mm. wing-expanse. Across the grey-brown, semi- 



transparent wings runs a straight, dull white, brown-bordered band, which in the middle of the hindwing is 

 widened into a large, pure white spot. The distal half of the hindwing is red-yellow with 2 black, white- 

 centred ocelli and 3 white spots. Distal margin darker brown. The $ has 1 — 3 white dots before the 

 apex of the forewing. On the under surface the ground-colour is lighter, the red-yellow is clouded with 

 grey, the white band is continued in a straight line to the inner margin of the hindwing, the brown distal 

 margin is wanting, the eye-spots are only quite small and in the basal area of each wing there is a brown, 

 shorter or longer line. — South Brazil, Eio de Janeiro. Common. 



helvina. P- helvina Hew. (42 d) approaches the preceding species in the scheme of marldngs, though not in 



the colouring. Crround-colour dark brown, light band of the forewing dusted with brownish, the brown 

 bordering broader. In the cell there are 2 brown transverse lines, of which the proximal one is continued 

 to the inner margin, a third short line is placed on the discocellulars, before the apex a round black spot 

 in a light circle with 2 white dots below it and one above. The basal area is brown to beyond one-third 

 the length of the wing, rather straight-margined distally. Then follows a large, triangular, carmine-red 

 area which extends from the costal margin nearly to the inner margin and also near to the distal margin. 

 The latter is black-brown, at the apex with a l)lack-eye-spot with white pupil, a white dot above it at the 

 costal margin and a similar dot below it in the red area. On the under surface the forewing is as above, 

 only hghter. On the likewise hghter hindwing in the basal area three straight, brown, parallel lines run 

 from the costal to the inner margin. Immediately behind the third line follows a reddish grey band, like- 

 wise traversing the whole wing, which in the middle is almost twice as broad as at the costal and hind- 

 margins and is bordered at the distal side by a fourth lirown line. Distal margin brt)wn, the (■ye-si>()t 

 smaller than alioNe and with ochre-yellow ring, one white dot before and two behind tlie eye. — iluzo, 

 Colombia. 



