BRA.SHOLIS. By H. Fruhstoefer. 287 



B. sophorae. (iii<;ina!ly (lescril)e(l from Guiana, from whence Lixne obtained liis narae-t^qje, s^jlits 

 up into four known local forms, which are ilistriliuted on the Atlantic side to Rio Grande ch.> Sul, on the Pacific 

 certainly as far as Peru. All agree in bearing a broad, obliquely placed, ochreous longitudinal band on the fore- 

 wing and a submarginal band on the hindwing, in the o continuous, in the 4^' more indistinct and broken up 

 into separate jjatches. Under surface lighter, the ferruginous s])ot in tlie basal part of the cell mcu'e distinct; 

 cell-band in the $ breaking up into spots. Hindwing without distal-marginal band, dotted and striated witli 

 wliitish, in the ,^ with ferruginous spot in the liasal part of the cell; forewing with a suba])ical ocellus, hind- 

 wing with a larger ocellus below the costa and anotlier between the lower median veins. — Larva thickest in 

 the middle, head large and without thorns or sjjincs, short dorsal hairs arranged in tufts, without tail-points, 

 but witli small excrescences. On palms, in nests of thick silk ])laced at the base of the fronds or right at the 

 end of the stem under the covering of the palm, concealed by day. Pupa smooth, lirown, suspended. — sophorae sophnriK: 

 L. (62 a) differs considerably in the male from the V\ which we figure, in the ])eeuliar shape of the wing, espe- 

 cially in having the costal margin of the forewing even moi'e concave than in iistyra ((32 a). Hindwing anally 

 narrowed, produced into an obtuse jjoint. Rather common everywhere and in the evening from about 5 o'clock 

 buzzing round the banana thickets near human settlements after the manner of the Sj)hingids. — In lurida lui-'ula 

 Stick., from Colombia, the ground-colour is duller, the band of the forewing lighter, in the ,j' posteriorly narrowed, 

 and ending in a point at the hindmargin. Band of the hindwing nearer to the end of the cell, running out 

 along the lower median vein. On the underside of the hindwing there is a third eye-spot between the upper 

 and middle median veins. — vulpeculus tStich. Body anteriorly and posteriorly fox-red. Wings paler than in ndpcculus. 

 typical sophorae, the band of the hindwing tinged with reddish at the costal marghi and posteriorly, in the cell 

 somewhat broader, then of unih)rm breadth to the inner margin. The cell also tinged M'ith fox-colour in its 

 basal part, so that the dark median spot stands out shaii)ly; the median also faintly dusted with reddish. In 

 the apical part .3 small white spots. On the hindwii^g the ochreous band before the distal mai'gin is consideraljly 

 broader than in tyi)ical sojihonie. Paraguay, Argentina. According to 2 examples in coll. Fruhstorfer, 

 the hitherto unknown 4^' has the cell of the forewing also basally somewhat more In'oadly and paler ochre- 

 yellow, the band (if the hindwing broader, but weaker. Underside of the forewing with the longitudinal band con- 

 siderably reduced; hindwing m<ire delicately irrorated and as is typical of Paraguay butterflies, ])ale earth- 

 coloured, lighter than in examples from more northerly localities. — ardens iSfirh., from Ecuador and southern ardcii.s. 

 Peru and probably also occurring in Bolivia, has the forewing in the q -l^" — ^-^^ i'^ tJie $ 49 mm in length. 

 Band of the hindwing bright reddish ochreous, in the region of the hinder angle suffused with fiery red-brown. 



B. astyra differs from sophonie in having the transverse band of the forewing anteriorly at the end of 

 the cell broken into wedges, the part placed in the cell abbreviated or interrupted by the ground-colour. — 

 Two geographical races: astyra Godt., from central Brazil, distributed from Espiritu Santo to Santa Catharina. astyra. 

 Hindwing near the distal marghi without or with only quite faint traces of a band (name-t_y[)e); occasionally 

 (in examiales from Santa Oatharina), however, with a very distinct band (f. dimidiata jurvi. nor.). Black- dhuiiliata. 

 brown, forewing with ochreous yellow-brown oblique band, the costal part of which is forked and clouded or 

 darkened. Whilst the distal arm neaidy reaches the costa, the proximal is abbreviated or broken up into 

 brown spots. Hindwing mostly unicolorous or with only faint traces of distal bands; $ with the ground- 

 colour paler, the band of the forewing a little lighter. — Egg spherical with shallow longitudinal ribs, often 

 running into one another; larvae in Ijag-shaped nests, a large number together, brown with light longitudinal 

 lines. AVhen they are somewhat grown one can hear the sound of their feeding and can track them by this 

 means. The adult larva reaches 8 cm. in length, with reddish markings on the head; the pupa is smooth, 

 slightly compressed ventrally, either dark brown with black, yellow-edged stripes or bright yellow with lighter 

 stripes and ])atclies. — philocala Stich. (62 a as ii.styra). Hindwing with distinct rust-red band near the clistal pliilomla. 

 margin. The hitherto undescribed $ (type in coll. Fruhstorfer [(Jeneva]) much larger than the o. i"ound- 

 winged like that of .sophanie, but of greater wing-expanse. Cell-sj)ot on the lower part before the apex reduced. 

 Band of the forewing much narrowed anally. Hindwing occasionally with the rust-red submarginal band entirely 

 absent. Habitat. Rio Grande do Sul, where according to M.vbilde the larva occurs from April to November on 

 various palms and lives in an oval bag of 30- — 40 cm. in length and 10 cm. in breadth, which contains three or 

 four inner divisions. In this the larvae remain for 7 — S months, packed one above another like sardines in a 

 case, sometimes 5 — 600 specimens together. — haenschi Stich. shows the band of the forewing bright rust-yellow Inicnaclit. 

 and has no undulate distal marginal line beneath. Ecuador. — niarititna Stich. has the band of the forewing maritima. 

 paler and distally less broken than in haenschi; under surface with undulate, in places obsolescent line before 

 the distal margin; the ocelli on the under surface are also less bright, more pale and blind. A^enezuela. 



B. isthniia Bates, from Central America and Colombia, has the wings dark brown above, the forewing isthmia. 

 with a pale ycUow-ochre oblique band, 9 — 10 mm. in breadth, with the proximal edge irregularly defined, some- 

 what dentate and bounded by the submedian. Beneath the oblique band is jjaler, only distinct be^mnd the 

 cell, in the cell a rounded brown spot. Hindwing above brown, in the ,^ only a narrow ferruginous patch 

 along the lower median vem, in the $ without markuigs. 



B. granadensis Stich. (62 a) closely approaches the preceding .species, but is somewliat larger. Fol■e^\''lng (jranadonsis. 

 with broad ochre-yellow oblique band, on the lower discocellular a black-brown spot. Hindwing with only 



