288 PENETE8; DYNASTOR. By H. Fruhstorfer. 



quite indistinct traces of a reddish submarginal band, but with conspicuous dark grey mealy spot below the 

 cell between the submedian and the first median vein. Beneath similar to isthviin. but the band of the fore- 

 win "^ much broader and darker. 9 differing from that of isthmia in the darker ground-colour and the more 

 brilliantly coloured band of the forewing. Colombian specimens are somewhat larger than those from Ecua- 

 dor. Colombia (Muzo ?); Balzapamba in Ecuador to the west of the Andes (750 m.). 



ornmnen- B, ornanientalis Stick. Forewing above with two angled yellow spots in the lower part of the cell, placed 



Mis. ,-,j-^p above the other in the shape of a hammer. Beyond the cell a rather broad yellow transverse band, 

 reaching the inner margin. Hind wing ochre-yellow as far as the di.stal margin, before the margin indica- 

 tions of a dark lunulate line. The colouring of the under surface shows through distinctly. Brazil (Para?). 



2. Genus: Penetcs Westw. 



Closely approximates to Brassolis in the style of its colouring and also somewhat in the concave shape 

 of the distal marghi of the forewing, so that it is not improbable, as voN Bonninghausen suspected, that the 

 larva api^roaches that of Brassolis and is not forked at the tail. The genus is chiefly characterized by the 

 shape of the forewing, which in both sexes has the apex strongly produced and the distal margin deeply hol- 

 lowed in the middle. In the forewing the cell is obliiiucly closed by the three discocellulars, which run in the 

 same direction and nearly straight, the anterior only a little shorter than the middle and posterior, which 

 are of equal length. Precostal cell of the hindwing rather large. Precostal vein simple, only at the extremity 

 proximally curved, the cell likewise obliquely closed by the feebly curved lower discocellular. The genus is 

 monotypical and is confined to Brazil. 



pamphanis. P. paiiiphaiiis Westn\ (67 b). ,^ above deep dark brown, with large, dull rust-brown spots, not sharply 



defined, in the disc of the forewing and more or less obscure rust-brown diffuse spots before the apex of both 

 wings. Hindwing with darker veins, glossy gi'ey at the hindmargin ; a black-brown hair-pencil placed on the 

 submedian in an extended, scaleless area of a shining, horny appearance. Type from Minas Geraes, in my 

 collection from Espiritu Santo, Sao Paulo, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, and a few examples which I myself 

 captured in Sa. Catharina. 



3. Genus: D^'iiastor Westw. 



This genus is characterized even more than Brassolis by the robustness of the body, especially the tho- 

 rax and abdomen, and the broad wings. From the nearly allied Opsiphanes it chiefly differs finly in the short, 

 appi'essed palpus, the short lower discocellular of the forewing, and in having the 3rd subcostal vein arise near- 

 er to the 4th and the upper median vein further from the middle one. i^ without distinct scent-organ; the 

 eye-spots of the under surface reduced to dots or entirely absent. Both wings very broad, the foi'ewing with 

 strongly curved co.sta, the subcostal narrowly but distinctly separated from the costal, the distal margin some- 

 what ventricose, the irmer margin nearly straight. Median and submedian slightly thickened at the base, but 

 not strongly inflated as in the Satyrids. Hindwing with the distal margin uniformly rounded, the apex 

 round and the costal margin fairly straight. Cell moderately broad, about half the length of the wing. — ■ Valve 

 basally thickened, in the middle narrowed, distally again widened, chitinized and sharply serrate. Penis re- 

 latively short. Saccus posteriorly arched. Uncus strikingly broad, recalling that of the Morphids, its lateral 

 clasps shorter and more than twice as strong as in Opsiphanes, valve considerably narrowed posteriorly, distally 

 with long, unecpial points. — Of the 3 species belonging here the celebrated D. napoleon is uncpicstionably one 

 of the most magnificent of all the butterflies. The range of distribution of the genus extends southwards to 

 Paraguay, northwards to Mexico. 



darius. D. darius is the most widely distributed species of the genus, occurring everywhere from Guatemala 



to Bolivia and from Trinidad through the whole of Venezuela and Brazil to Rio Grande do Sul, which is pro- 

 bably exjjlained by the wide distribution of the food-plant. Two directions of variation may be recognized, 

 of which the Andean and purely tropical branch shows large, nearly quadrate apical patches on the underside 

 of the hindwing, whilst the Brazilian subform bears rounder, ocellated costal patches. The hitherto unob- 

 styyianua. served Paraguay form belongs, strange to say, to the tropical Andean branch, not to the Brazilian. ~ stygianus 

 Btlr., originally described from Costa Rica, is recorded by GoDMAN^and Salvin also from Guatemala, Nica- 

 ragua, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia, as well as from the Lower Amazon, and in coll. Pruhstor- 

 FER there are 2 ^,^ from Honduras, Avhich Wittkugel discovered in San Pedro Sula. Probably the Trinidad 

 race is also identical. I have no $$ from the purely tropical districts; but according to the material in my 

 collection the ,^i^ show all the differences which Stichel described as follows in the ,,Tierreich" : "Larger, 

 with sharper contrasts in colouring. ^J : half-band of the forewing more comj)lete, purer yellowish white, at the 

 upper radial more strikingly diverted from its course, its posterior part being pushed further towards the distal 

 margin. Spot in the apex larger, mostly connected with a small band, the other 3 isolated spots placed 



