294 OPSIPHANES. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 



and thus the separation or union of the several forms still remains more a matter of instinct or personal choice 

 than of experimental knowledge. If here again I deviate from the previously frequented j^ath, it is on the 

 ground of a delightful accumulation of material, which I have been fortunate enough to get together. — 

 haicK. batea Hbu. (62c), the name-tjqje, probably came from the state of Rio de Janeiro; at any rate Hubner's figure, 

 which is not so good as most in his works, shows the principal distinguishing mark of the Rio specimens, the 

 almost vertical black distal border of the forewing, which is not expanded proximally (towards the cell) and has 

 its inner edge almost straiglit. All the other forms, on the contrary, have an apical spot extending as far 

 proximad as m our figure (61a 2, subsericea) or even further and similar or still finer and more numerous prox- 

 imal incisions. Moreover all the rej^resentative forms bear a more or less distinct black spot at the apex of 

 the cell of the forewing, which apparently is only absent in batea from Rio de Janeiro. Upper surface of the 

 hindwing with less of the dull red-brown gloss. Under surface with jjarts of the cell of the forewing whitish 

 aspheriiv. and with longer, almost whitish yellow median band, posteriorly tapering to a point. — aspherus subsp. nov. 

 is a larger race from Espiritu Santo, the most northerly locality known, in which the forewing has the three 

 whitish yellow .subapical jjatches already somewhat faint and the distal border more deeply indented. J al- 

 most, $ entirely without black spot at the apex of the cell. Marginal area of the hindwing in the $ extending 

 to the cell, without any trace of red-brown. The whitish parts of the under surface more extended than in 

 batea Hbn. Very rare, while according to von Bonnighausen batea is very common in the Organ Mountains 

 (jlaukias. near Petropolis. — glaukias subsp. nov. is a local form from the province of Sao Paulo, very nearly allied to 

 the name-type; smaller than aspherus and praegrandis (61 a), but appreciably larger than batea. Subapical 

 patches darker than in the preceding races, ochre-yellow. Basal area of both wings of a deeper colour, more 

 inclining to red-brown. Distal border proximally rather regularly but not very deeply incised. Cell-spot 

 of the forewing rudimentary. Under surface hardly differing from batea, in the shape of the ocelli and tlie 

 duhia. general coloration. From three 3^,^ in coll. Fruhstorfer. $ unknown. — dubia Bob. likewise came from 

 Sao Paulo and according to Stichel is a very small, somewhat abnormal form, with paler ground-colour and 



panormm. strikingly lighter distal margin. — panormus Rob. is apparently not rare at Blumenau and even somewhat 

 further south, at Theresopolis in Santa Catharina, I myself took numerous examples in the "Waldschanken" 

 already mentioned, which I searched twice daily. According to the material in my collection panormus chiefly 

 differs from batea in the black distal border of the forewing extending to the apex of the cell and leaving either 

 no yellow-brown spot at all or only a very reduced, narrow one which never reaches the costal margin, whilst 

 m batea and its offshoots it always runs from the first median to the costal as a distinct, sharply defined trans- 

 cellular band. On the under surface the striation is predominantly black instead of red-brown. R6ber"s ty|3e, 

 which is in my collection, differs from all the examples of batea to which I have access in having a beautiful 

 yellow submarginal punctiform spot on the underside of the forewing between the middle and lower medians. 

 heata. — beata Fruhst. (61a as subsericea) still possesses cpiite distinctly the fta/ea-character and differs from panor- 

 mus chiefly in possessing a broad yellow band-like transcellular spot, distally dusted with reddish, on the fore- 

 wing, which is particularly well developed in the $. The black distal border of the hindwing somewhat nar- 

 rower tlian in panormus. Santa Catharina, Theresopolis, up to about 1500'. Appears about January and flies 

 until March, preferring the edge of the woods or the so-called Capoeira, the spare, dwarfed growth which springs 

 up where the forests have been cut down. The butterflies are fond of the sweet sap of certain shrubs which 

 exudes from holes bored by small beetles and besides Lepidoptera also attracts enormous numbers of 31eli- 



dnlymaoH. ponae, Idwanidae, Elateridae and sometimes also Gyninetis (Cetonidae). — didymaon FIdr.. the locality of which 

 was incorrectly given by Stichel as Sta. Catharina, almost certainly came from Rio Grande do Sul, judging 

 by the type before me from the Tring Museum, which I have been able to compare with sufficient material 

 from my collection. The subapical patches of the forewing about as in batea, small, duller yellow than in pa- 

 normus and beata, but apparently very variable, in the $ again very large, nearly white. The black mai'ginal 

 area of the forewing much widened, bearing either no yellowish transcellular band or only an indistinct one, 

 which in the $ is also darker and more reddish. Distal border of the forewing sometimes narrow (tyj5e) or again 

 nearly reaching the cell. Hindwing above with rust-red tinge proximally to the black marginal area. Under 

 surface contrary to the general character of the Rio Grande fauna predominantly blackened, the transcellular 

 band of the forewing a mere thread, ocelli of the hindwing with delicate, scarcely appreciable yellow bordering, 

 on the other hand the nearly black outer border much widened. Sao Joao da Reserva, Rio Grande do Sul, 

 3 ,^(^, 1 9 in coll. Fruhstorfer. Appears at the end of the summer and prefers the edges of the woods or 



subsericea. light thickets (Mabilde). — subsericea Fruhst., analogous to beata Fruhst., is the light form from Rio Grande 

 do Sul and differs from didymaon in having a broad yellow transcellular zone on the forewing. Smaller than the 

 other batea forms, wings more rounded, and in the $ scarcely undulate. Black distal border of both wuigs 

 strikmgly narrow, proximally inappreciably undulate, but especially on the hindwing broadly tinged with dark 

 rust-red, as in didymaon Fruhst. Hindwing with slight silky gloss. Apex of the cell on the forewing in the 

 (^ only quite faintly red-brown, in the $ spotted with black. Under surface: darker than in beata, hindwing 

 only with a short light band, which does not extend beyond the cell, otherwise uniformly striated with red-brown 

 throughout. Ocelli oblong, relatively small, .subsericea agrees with the t>'|)e in the very small diUl yellow 

 subapical patches of the forewing, but differs beneath in the darker general colouring and in having the yellow 



