OPSIPHANES. By H. Fruiistorfer. 299 



sliaqily defined stripe, mylasa forms the transition from quaestor Stick., found on the eastern slopes of the 

 Andes in Ecuador, to ohidoiius Fruhst., and from this to the name-type frojn Surinam. The hindwing in 

 mylasa appears roinider, le.ss dentate than in the other quiteria forms, and the yellowish band of the forewing 

 is narrower than in quaestor. ■ — augeias Fru/isf. A strikingly light geographical subspecies without near allies, augcias. 

 t^ best compared witii O. hadius Sfich. from Muzo, but the shape of the wings still more inieven, more 

 undulate. Band of the forewing broader than in liadius. yelloAvish, with a slight tendency to whitish. Basal 

 area less rust-red than in bndius. Hindwing nearly chestnut -brown, with the exception of a black undulate 

 distal border and a black trans('ellular area. From the costal to the upper median vein runs a quite vertical, 

 light ochre-yellow band of medium lireadth, composed of three fragments. $ on the whole like the (j", the 

 transverse band of the forewing white, slightly inclining towards cream-colour, the subapical band of the hind- 

 wing continuous, broader and paler yellow than in the (^. Hindwing lighter rust-brown, the black area some- 

 what washed-out and reduced. Under surface aj^proaching that of qitirmus, but distinguishable at once by 

 having the band of the forewing broader and lighter yellow in the ,^0 f^^f^ posteriorly more diffuse in the $$. 

 From the Rio Aquaca Valley in the West Cordilleras, Colombia, at about 2000 m. — phylas Fruhst. In this phylas. 

 pronounced local form the differentiation has proceeded further than in augeias and one might be tempted on 

 account of the markings of the upper surface to regard it as a separate species were it not that the character 

 of the underside demonstrates its identity. (^ above black. The red-brown parts of augeias changed into an ex- 

 tremely characteristic grey-black colour, othenvise entirely unknown in the genus, but standing out little from 

 the deep black ground-colour. Band of the forewing shorter than in «M(/eias,only reaching to the lower median, nar- 

 rower and of a dark straw-yellow slightly clouded with grey at the edges. Hindwing only with two remnants of 

 an obsolete yellowish subapical band. 9 recalling that of 0. hadius, the forewing bearing a very broad, nearly 

 cream-yellow transver.se band, which, however, is more regular and between the medians more extended. 

 Hindwing with three isolated subapical patches, which are strongly marked, although less so than in augeias $. 

 Cround-colour somewhat duller than in the o, uniformly black with dull brown reflection, phylas conse- 

 quently forms the melanotic extreme of the collective species as it occurs in Colombia, but there is no con- 

 necting-link known with the Amazon races as, say, in the East (Colombian Eryphanis. Under surface likewise 

 darker than in augeias. ,^ with shorter, deeper yellow transverse band on the forewing, in the $ considerably 

 broader, particularly between the medians, where it becomes cream-coloured with a slight purple gloss, l)ut 

 towards the costal margin changes into a chalk-white area delicately irrorated with black. Hindwing dark 

 grey, not relieved with reddish discally and distally as in amgeias. The darker under surface in conjunction 

 with the broad bands will also at once separate phylas from quirinus. Upper Ri(( Negro, East Colombia, 800 m. 

 Collected by A. H. Fa.ssl. By the discovery of these two divergent and highly specialized quiteria races the 

 interesting tendency of Colombia to produce parallel, representative, but nevertheless strikingly differentiated 

 forms is again illustrated, and at the same time new light is shed on the unexampled richness of this country 

 in species. The existence of these local races approaehuig the general quiteria type further renders it possible 

 to separate 0. badius Stich. as a distinct species, just as the discovery of two genuine Colombian local forms 

 of 0. t,a?narindi resulted in the specific rehabilitation of 0. bogotanus Dist. — quaestor Stich. Above especially quaestor. 

 deep black, only the apex of the forewing slightly lighter. Band of the forewing distally much widened. 

 Hindwing only with traces of a fai?it submarginal band of reddish spots. Under surface more brightly shaded. 

 1 (^ from Coca, Ecuador. — bolivianus Stick, has the ground-colour of the upper surface lighter, the band boUvianus. 

 darker, reddish brown. Hindwing with distinct macular band before the distal margin. Nearest to nieridionalis, 

 but distinguished by the broader, darker band on the forewing. Bolivia. — quirinalis Stgr. Band of the quirinalis. 

 forewing bone-yellow to ochre-yellow or nearly white, slightly dusted with brown; hindwing above 

 with 2 or .3 whitish or yellowish spots at the apex, or sometimes with a reddish submarginal ma- 

 cular band. Peru, Ecuador, west of the Andes ( ? ). — philon Fruhst. (t'l c). The differences which p/ii/oH. 

 are shown in obidunus become still more jironounced in quiteria from Espiritu Santo, the most 

 beautiful geographical form yet known. The deviation from the t>q)e from Surinam consists in : (o) hindwing 

 less undulate, u])perside of abdomen and entire basal part of hindwing with long dark l)rown-red hairs, much 

 as in quirinia. Godiii. from Central America. Submarginal band of the hindwing contiiuied as far as the 3rd 

 median vein, lighter yellow-brown, more sharjily defined, in the anal angle broadly and diffusely dark red, 

 (■(jiifluent ^\'ith the red basal colour. Under surface: much darker, more copiously shaded with black, esjjecially 

 in the cell of the forewing. Anal and distal areas of the hindwing commonly with a violet tinge. The 

 white, slightly diffuse spot below the submedian of the forewing reduced. $: the yellowish band of the hindwing 

 sometimes continuous to the anal angle, at least twice as broad as in the ,^, anally even wider, brilliant red- 

 brown, the red shade reaching the cell. Espiritu Santo, Rio de Janeiro. As a sort of satellite of philon there 

 occurs with it also what may be called an analogous, mimatic race of a second sjiecies, namely of invirae Hbn., 

 which by the deeply incised and unusually broad yellowish bands on both wings forms at the same time 

 the most strongly marked of all the invirae forms. — meridionalis Stgr. 3 always smaller than philon, forewing meridio- 

 with the apex less pointed and the distal margin more shallowly excised than in quiteria. Oblique band in this nahs. 

 form somewhat variable, sometimes terminating in a very sharjD, sometimes in an obtuse point. In the 

 distal part of the cell occasionally a blurred yellowish patch, Hindwing with the distal margin less dentate, 



