OPSIPHANES. By H. Frtjustorfer. 301 



the lower mountains regions togetlier with Cnligo epimethcvs, cnmenn shares its area of flight wWhCaligo ober- 

 thueri in the untrodden marshy primeval forests of the higlier mountain districts. Fassl several times observed 

 came?ia (J c? shortly after sunset at places where cattle were feeding; they would suddenly run for a short distance 

 on the short turf, tlien rest on a piece of cow-dung for a moment with the anteimae raised high, digging 

 greedily into it with the proboscis, the next moment again running a short distance and rejieating the same per- 

 formance; at the same time they are extremely siiy and fly away even when cautiously approached before 

 one can get near them. The very rare and much larger !^' has the ground-colour entirely chestnut-brown, pos- 

 sibly hitherto quite luiknown and undeseritjed (Fa.ssl). 



0. sallei approaches quiring and splits up into four geograjDhical races, all more or less rare. — 

 sallei Weslii-. is dark brown; forewing at the base slightly tinged with reddish. Transverse band complete to suUci. 

 the upper median vein, there strongly bent distad, afterwai'ds broken up into spots; the last is small and pointed, 

 following the curve of the hinder angle and terminating at the hindmargin. On the under surface the sejja- 

 rate spot in the middle median cellule occupies the entire breadth of this and is slightly connected with the 

 transverse band distally. Hindwing with rather broad distal band, notched on the veins and gradually dis- 

 placed at the lower radial, anteriorly light ochre-yellow, darkened from about the upper median vein, towards 

 the hinder angle becomes rust-red and is anteriorly widened but ill-defined. Venezuela, Colombia. — mutatus mufaln.'i. 

 Stick. Band of the forewing broader, somewhat darker reddish ochre-yellow, smooth for its whole length or 

 in the uppermedian cellule only ol)tusely indented proximally the connecting spot, however, anteriorly adjoining 

 theanteriorpart of the bandforitsentire breadth, posteriorly completely connected with the following band-spot 

 or only separated by the vein. In the distal part of the cell sometimes an obscure brownish spot. Hindwing 

 near the distal margin with considerably narrowed band, which mostly terminates at the upper median; when 

 longer it is gradually lost in the ground-colour as a vague reddish clouding and becomes narrower, instead of 

 widening and becoming diffuse. The distal margin somewhat less dentate. Ecuador. — farrago Stich. 3" with farrayo. 

 soniewhat paler ground-colour, basal area of the forewing tinged with dull rust-red. Band of the forewing as 

 in the preceding subspecies. Bfnd of the hindwing much widened (as much as 4 — 5 mm.), less notched at the 

 sides than in the typical ,subsj)ccies and distinctly expressed as far as the lower median vein, but before that al- 

 ready somewhat clouded with reddish, at its termination in the hinder angle rust-red. ill-defined and anteriorly 

 diffuse, so that the hinder angle and basal area of the wing appear predominantly pale rust-brown. Under sur- 

 face weaker marked, the striation of the hindwing in particular less shar];), the ground-colour lighter, whitish-brown. 

 The separate yellow spot in the middle mtdian cellule of the forewing smaller, oval, (|uite isolated, a character 

 which, however, must not be considered as distinctive. Southern Peru, Bolivia. — nicaildrus .^iihsp. »ov. i)is- nkandrtis. 

 tinguished from the preceding races by the considerably narrower red-brown band, which is broken between 

 the median veins into separate crescentic spots. U]i]ierside of the hindwing scarcely apprecial)ly tinged with 

 rust-red. Underside of the hindwing much darker brown, with purple, more dusky tinge. Coroico. 1200 m., 

 Bolivia. 



0. invirae occurs everywhere together with quiterid and must be regarded as a slightly differentiated 

 species, which in its southern offshoots can scarcely be separated from the southern races of quiterin C'r. and in 

 its northern forms, at least on the under surface, is not distinguishable from cassimi FIdr. Yet the larvae pro- 

 bably differ elecidedly; according to B6nninghau.sen they are more unicolorous than those of quiterin, which 

 bear bright-coloured stripes. Feecl on palms, • — relucens FruJist. ,5 : similar to remolintus, but smalh r. Band rducens. 

 of the forewing broad, light ochreous, strongly curved and extending to beyond the submedian in almost uni- 

 form breadth; its posterior spot sharply defined, rouirded. Band of the hindwing anteriorly yellowish, from 

 the upper median vein onwarels rust-red and distinctly defined, reaching to the hinder angle, but narrow 

 and uniformly deeply notcheel distally. Under surface in the t_y]3e-specimen with broaeler yellow band on the fore- 

 wing and larger eye-spots than the tyi^ical subs])ecies; between the eye-spots fi. chain of 4 whitish gr<-y cres- 

 centic spots. Length of the forewing 36 mm. Honduras ( San Pedro 8ula). — cuspidatusiSV/r//. ^: forewing with nispiddfns. 

 very pointed apex. Distal margin very narrowly borelered with grey. Band of the forewing only complete to 

 the lower meelian vein, beyond this sometimes a further small obsolete terminal spot. Basal area I'eelelish 

 grey. Banel of the hindwing very narrow, darkening to rust-red at the raelials and gradually disappearing. 

 Anal area slightly tinged with reeldish. From the Volcan ele Chiriejui. — invirae H!ni. ,^ with narrow band hirlrac 

 on the forewing, the proximal margin of which is not at all or only very little produced into a tooth behind the 

 cell; at the middle median vein it is somewhat elisplaced at be)tli sides and at the lower meelian slightly constrict- 

 eel. For the rest it is rather sharply defined and smooth; the ])osterie)r ])art of the banel bends in a curved, 

 pointeel hook in the hineler angle towards the hinelmargin and mostly extends be>vonel the submeelian, although 

 less distinctly expressed. The eye-spot near the apex anel the anterior part of the lines near the distal margin on the 

 under surface showing through rather distinctly. The banel near the elistal margin of the hinchving narrow, some- 

 times almost broken up into spots and abbreviated, occasionally extending to the hindmargin. dull rust-red. $ 

 larger, paler; forewing more elongate, distal margin less excised. Banel of the forewing pale ochre-yellow, lighter 

 anteriorly than posteriorly, broader than in the<j*, behind the angle of the cell elistinctly proeluceel into a tooth, 

 at the median veins less displaceel or constricted. Band of the hindwing bioaeler, but mostly eluller, in the 

 posterior part suffused with leddish brown without distinct demarcation, wuvh a,i< in O. qiiiteri(t ineridionnli.i. 



