302 OPSIPHANES. By H. Fruhstorfer. 



Distinguishable from the latter, apait from its sm_aller size, chiefly by the xmdiilate distal margin of the hindwing, 

 the finer striation on tlie under surface and the more pointed apex of the forewing. Guiana, northern Brazil, Vene- 

 ledon. zuela. — ledon s!/6s/;. jiov. forms a transition from twwi'rae //^Zjw. to intermedins Stick, from the Upper Amazon and 

 differs from the namc-tjqse in its larger size and the darker oblique band of the foreuing, which is narrowed 

 interwcdius. towards the costa, and posteriorly runs out into quite a narrow point. Lower Amazon. — intermedius Stick. 

 is larger, band of the forewing much widened, of a somewhat darker reddish ochre-brown ccilour, proximally 

 with a strongly projecting tooth, at this point 8 mm. in breadth, at both sides without or only with very 

 slight notches on the veins, towards the end rapidly narrowed, terminating in a sharp point. The band is thus 

 nearly straight to beyond the submedian and only somewhat curved at the posterior end. Band of the hind- 

 wing narrow, anteriorly of an indefinite ochre-yellow, ahnost broken up into loosely connected spots, towards 

 the hinder angle rust-red and more continuous, but ill-defined. Under surface more brightly coloured, but the 

 stichcli. striation fine and regular. Upper Amazon. — sticheli Rob. has the band of the forewing in the S light ochre- 

 yellow, posteriorly pretty uniformly narrowed, between the upper and middle median veins incised ; it terminates 

 in a small elongate spot before the submedian. Band of the hindwing anteriorly marked by three sepaiate 

 small yellowish spots; it widens at the lower radial into dull rust-red, connected, crescentic spots and is 

 diffused in the hinder angle. Somewhat variable in the composition of the band on the hindwing and the breadth 

 of that on the forewing and in general very similar to the typical subspecies. The hitherto unknown $ approach- 

 es amplificatus Stick, from Paraguay; band of the forewing somewhat narrower, more strongly dentate proxi- 

 mally between the medians, of somewhat more reddish yellow coloiu'. On the hindwing the three subapical anterior 

 spots stand out more distinctly from the posterior bright rust-red part of the band, which is more broadly 

 diffuse anally. Under surface darker than in ampl/fic((tvs. approximating more to that of reinoUatus Frukst. 

 in the deep ochre-yellow anal band on the forewing. Colombia, type probably from the Cauca Valley, both 

 amplifi- sexes also found by Fassl on the Upper Rio Negro at about 800 ni. — aniph'ficatus Stick, is a typical Para- 

 cafus. guay butterfly, of small size, smaller than remoliatus, with somewhat lighter ochre-yellow band on the forcwing, 

 and more closely and sharjjly dentate submarginal band on the hindwing, $ with predominantly yellow ti'ans- 

 verse liand on the forewing and jjaler, posteriorly only inappreciably red-brown submarginal area. Under sur- 



rcmolialiis. face strikingly pale. Ocelli smaller than in remoliatus. Paraguay. — remoliatus Frukst. ((ila (J; $ 61a as me- 

 ridionalis). (J: small apical spots yellow instead of white. $: apical spots larger and purer white. Transverse 

 band of both wings darker ochreous, more sharply defined especially in the proximal part, and the band 

 of the hindwing in the o costally narrower, anally broader, darker rust-red. Distal border of the hindwing 

 ,niore broadly black, wings still less excised. Under surface with darker hatching, ocelli larger than in amplifi- 

 catus. Larva on Giriva leaves, where it is difficult to find on account of its green colour. Pupates in November 

 or December and again in June. The jaupa is light green with a golden dot at each side. The butterfly emerges 

 after 20 — 30 days; it is mostly common and hides among palms. ^J t_yi)e from Santa Catharina, $ tjrpe from 

 Rio Grande do Sul. In the latter province remoliatus is by far the commonest species of Opsvphanes. Accord- 

 ing to 12 (^(^ and 10 $$ in coll. Fruhstorfer it is very constant, varying only incon.siderably in size and not 



agasihevcs. at all in colouring. — agasthenes Frukst differs from ampUficatus Stick, in its larger size; much darker 

 colouring; oblique band of the forewing in 2 examples deeply incised beyond the cell as in quiteria, band of 

 the forewing behind the cell with unusually strong teeth; band of the hindwing rather narrow, sometimes almost 

 like a string of jjearls, but posteriorly w idened and rust-red. LTnder surface much darker, all the ocelli larger 

 reclifas- and more broadly ringed with black, rectifasciata Frukst. is is an aberration in colour markings. Band of the 

 data, forewing narrower, darker ochre-yellow, ruiming almost rectilinearly, i. e. neither proximally nor distally 

 i.mgoras. considerably incised. Peru : Pozuzo. — isagoras Frukst. In accordance with its geographical position i.sagoras 

 approximates more to annplificatus Stick, than to aguMkenes. It differs from both: in the more ample transverse 

 l)ands of the forewing, deeply incised proximally, recalling quiteria, and the extended submarginal bands of the 

 hindwing, which are especially strongly widened costally and are anally lighter reel than in andro.^tkenes. Beneath 

 the forewing is lighter, the hinelwing darker tlian in ampUficatus; the anal ocellus of the hinelwing larger, more 

 pseudo- oblong. Bolivia: Cochabamba. ■ — pseudophilon Frukst. (61 el $). Habitus about as in a^nplificatus Stick, 

 philon. fi-oi^i Paraguay. Yellow banel of the fen-ewing strongly curved, particularly beyonel the cell. Bane! of the hinel- 

 wing light yellow to the upper meelian, then much wielened, as a elark Ijrown continuation, but sharply elefineel 

 to the anal angle. Both the yellow and the red-brown section of the band distally niuch more eleeply inciseel 

 than in any other invirae form. In the cell of the forewing in the $ near the apex the beginning of a reddish 

 yellow patch. Espiritu Santo. 



0. cassina cannot be separated beneath from. 0. invirae by any very salient character, but nray be easily 

 known above by a mostly complete, nearly e^uaelrate, ochre-yellow or rust-reel spot before the apex of the 

 cell of the forewing. cassina is at the same time confineel more to the northern part of the range of invirae, it 

 extends indeeel on the Andean side parallel with invirae and quiteria as far as Bolivia, but on the Atlantic coast 

 it probably eloes not reach bej^ond the Lower Amazon anel so far as our present knowleelge goes is already 

 wanting in Central Brazil. It woulel appear that the elry climate of the provinces of Piauhy, Ceara and Bahia, 

 fabrkii. which, however, are practically unexplored, stanels in the way of its spreading in this direction. ■ — fabricii 

 Bdv. (61 el), previously known. from Guatemala to Panama, was quite recently sent to me also from Tejiic, 

 West Mexico. The (^"^ of this subspecies are mostly small with the apex of the forewing but little pointed, 



