310 ERYPHANIS. By H. Fruhstoeper. 



amplior. wing only towards the costa'slightly lighter. Villavicencio, East Colombia, 400 m. — aniplior Stidi. An 



intermediate form between cassiope and Cassiopeia. Smaller than the latter. Band of the forewing broader, 



bright orange-yellow, margins less dentate. Submargmal band of the hindwing narrower than in the preceding, 



Init distinct, undulate (crescentic), present from the costa to the lower median, then obsolete, shading into the 



- ground-coloiir. Length of the forewing 54 mm. 1 ^, from Colombia. This form also occurs on the Lower 



iheo,jnis. Amazon as an aberration together with the type-form. 1 S hi coll. Fruh.storfer from Obidos. — theognis 

 Fruhst., from Matto Grosso, is a further intermediate form connecting cassiope, Cassiopeia and placentia and 

 differing from all three in having the band on the forewing brighter red-yellow but much narrower. The hind- 

 wing has a grev-brown distal border composed of crescentic patches filled- in with deep black, and a distinct 

 longitudinal line, anteriorly somewhat ochreous, anally red-brown. Under surface lightened as in Cassiopeia. 

 placentia. — placentia subsp. nov. J': intermediate between theognis and Cassiopeia Stgr.. but approximating more to the 

 neighbouring race from Brazil. Band of the forewing more regular, broader and of lighter yellowish ground- 

 colour. Hindwing with the markings more washed-out, the black submarginal band in particular more broken 

 up, the yellowish postdiscal band anally lighter. Under surface with more extended dark shading in the distal 

 area, with moi'e prominent black lines. Coroieo, Bolivia, 1200 m. 

 andromedn. 0- andromeda Stich. Bolivia. A handsome species. Oblicpie band of the forewing broader than in 



cassiope, fiery rust-yellow, at both sides darker and with dashes projecting into the ground-colour. Distal 

 margin of the hindwing broad, over 14 of tlie latter fiery rust-yellow, proximally darker, gradually shading 

 mto the ground-colour. Next to the distal border a submarginal black undulate line. Ground-colour of the 

 under surface reddish brown, less whitish than the Amazon form and placentia Fruhst. 



0. supremus differs from cassiope m the straighter course of the band of the forewing. Two vi-rv 

 'siqmiinis. rare subspecies: supremus Stich. Apex of the forewing moderately produced, distal margin correspondingly 

 shallowly excised. The zigzag band of the forewing in the middle about 8 mm. in breadth, anteriorly smooth- 

 margined, posteriorly rather sharply dentate; it forms in its general course two curved sections, an anterior 

 one from the costal margin to the middle median vein and a somewhat shallower one from there to the hind- 

 margin. On the middle median it projects in a long pomted tooth proximally towards the cell. Band of the 

 hindwing present near the distal margin and in the middle part, from the upper radial to the upper median, 

 as two connected, pointed curved spots. Before and behind this only some dull brownish dusting is visible, 

 indicatmg the continuation of the band. The middle part of the band is likewise ill-defined and slightly darkened. 

 ditalii.-<. Ecuador. — ditatus TJiieme is somewhat larger, apex of the forewing a trifle more produced, distal margin somewhat 

 more deeply concave. Band of the forewing a little narrower, on the other hand the bright rust-yellow band near 

 the distal margin of the hindwing broader, more sharply expressed and completely formed almost to the liind- 

 margin. It is likewise composed of pointed curved spots, its margin projecting distally in pointed curves in the 

 interneural spaces, and being proximally hollowed out at the same places and on the veins produced into 

 points. Distal margin of the hindwing tinged with yellowish brown, lighter and more decided than in the t^qiical 

 sidjspecies. Southern Peru and Central Peru (Huancabamba, 1500 m.). 



0. josephus bears a neai'ly triangular black scent-spot between the lower and middle medians on the 

 forewing above. The ocelli of the under surface, m contrast to those of 0. cassiope, are oval or rounded instead 



josephu.f. of reniform or falcate. Only a few examples are known, which divide into two local forms: — josephus Godin. 

 and Salv. Apex of the forewing in the S pointed, almost falcate. Transverse band ochre-yellow, posteriorly 

 more reddish, its inner margm jagged, especial^ in the anal part of the wing. Before the apex 3 small white 

 spots. Beneath the lines before the distal margin are less undulate and diverge but little in the middle. Gua- 



excuUus. temala. — excultus Stich. (66 a). Apex of the forewing somewhat more obtuse. Band broader, deeper reddish 

 ochre-yellow, its proximal margin less incised and broken; it is of a whitish yellow tone at its commencement 

 on the costal margin, and 7 — 8 mm. in breadth; i-vnis oblicpiely to the anterior median vein, touching the disco- 

 celhdars; is distally dentate before this vein, proximally somewhat retracted behind the cell, and from here 

 directed somewhat more vertically towards the hindmargin. Its inner margin is somewhat sharply broken 

 at the middle median vein, in the interneural spaces slightly incised, its outer margm notched at the two ante- 

 rior median veins, afterwards entire. The band termmates in a basally directed point in the anal angle. Hind- 

 wing unicolorous, or with a narrow, ciirved, obscure rust-red band before the distal margin. The lines near 

 the distal margin on the underside of the forewing in the middle somewhat more divergent and more strongly 

 dentate, underside of the hindwing deeper brown. Colombia. 



luiescentc- 0. lutescentefasciatus Kirhy is a doubtful species of the subgenus Opsiphanes, and is only mentioned 



iascialus. \yQYQ because Kirby has given it in his "Catalogue". In shape and size similar to 0. cassina cassina $; upper 

 surface brown, above and beneath a broad yellowish median band nnming parallel with the distal margin. 

 Under surface reddish, the band deep yellow. 



6. Genus: Kr^pliaiiis Bdv. 



The species united here were formerly referred to Caligo, until Boisduval separated them in 1S74 

 as a distinct genus, although the differences in neuration are of little importance, the divergance consisting rather 

 in the different form of the ^J sexual characters. Eryphanis differs superficially from Caligo in the weaker 

 build of the body and mostly in the fiery colourmg of its species. In the neuration of the forewing the middle 



