320 GALIGO. By H. Frtjhstorfek. 



C. pronietheus somewhat resembles C. memnon (65 a) above, but is considerably larger, the basal part 

 of the forewing more extended pale yellowish, that of the hindwing more richly snffused with blue. Range, so 



promolheus. far as is at present known, confined to Colombia and Ecuador, prometheus Koll. On the forewing the grey 

 dusting in the costal area at and beliind the end of the cell is reduced to a narrow stripe, which is only to- 

 wards the end, before the fork of the fourth and fifth subcostal venis, a trifle widened. Hindwing in an obliciue 

 light with intensive blue reflection, at the base greenish, from the end of the cell to the distal margin a beautiful 

 azure blue ; the sheen decreases somewhat in strength anteriorly, but leaves only the apical area and a costal 

 stripe free. Under surface of the forewing copiousty striated; behind and distally to the cell, starting from its 

 posterior angle, are placed two connected blackish arcuate spots, mostly very distinct and shai-ply expressed, 



epimetheus. bordering the light transverse band proximally. Colombia; Nicaragua ( ?). — epimetheus Fldr. is a lowland 

 form from eastern Colombia. Somewhat smaller than the tyjje-form, the grey dusting at the costal margin of 

 the foremng broader, on the other hand the blue colour on the hindwing confined to the proximal half, in an 

 oblique light less iridescent, but viewed from above more distinctly defined. Colombia: Rio Aquara Valley, 

 West Cordilleras, 2000 m. The egg is almost as large as that of Saturnia pyri, round, somewhat flattened at both 

 poles, the sides mth longitudinal grooves, which again are divided into cells by horizontal belts. Towards the 

 base these are broken up into smaller and smaller dots and finally terminate in a smooth surface. The apex of 

 the egg forms a wart-like elevation of brown colour, the micropyle is placed somewhat at the side. The larva 

 is of the shape of the typical Caligo larva figured in 8crL\Tz. It is brown-grey, on the dorsum with three lighter 

 angular markings, the vertices of which run back into the mediodorsal line. Many specimens attain 13 cm., 

 these mostly yielding females. I found the larvae always in small companies of up to 8 specimens on the lower 

 end of the stalks of Platanillos (wild bananas), or hidden in dry leaves; they only feed at night and always return 

 to their old place, where they mostly sit closely packed together. The pupa is very similar to that of Cal. 

 eurylochus, ornamented with a silvery shoulder-spot. The j^upal stage lasts 4 weeks. In breeding the number 



amximan- of specimens of the two .sexes was about equal. — anaximandrus Fnihsf. Replaces the small lowland foi'm 

 drus. epimetheus Fldr. of eastern Colombia in the transandean region, and is also of small habitus. The (^ approaches 

 atlas Rob. from Ecuador, with which it entirely agrees above except that the black marginal band of the fore- 

 wing is somewhat more shaqily defined proximally. The under siu'face, however, differs considerably in the 

 more lively, brightly contrasted colouring. The submarginal black hatching on the forewing is almost absent, 

 the bordering of the ocelli is light red-brown instead of nearly black. Hindwing with brown instead of nearly 

 black foreground to the anal ocellus, the eye-spots themselves scarcely half as broadly margined with black. 

 The distinct black-striated submarginal band of atlas is wanting; in general the entire distal area of the hind- 

 wing is whitish watered with yellowish. Basal part likewise predominantly whitish instead of black. The $, 

 unlike the cJ, is distinctly modified above also and especially characterized by the yellowish area extending 

 as a sharply defined band to the costal margin. Compared with atlas Bob. from Ecuador this light part of the 

 wing is altogether more pronounced and contrasts sharply with the black terminal area, which is proximally 

 very neatly undulate, with distinct but not deep incisions. Hindwing somewhat more ricldy coloured, distally 

 of a finer whitish yellow than in atlas. Under surface: coloration gayer, the distal area in particular striated 

 with yellow rather than brown-black. The brown bordering of the anal ocellus, which touches the black ring, 

 scarcely half as broad as m Ecuador $9- This handsome new West Colombian form was discovered by A. H. 

 alias. Fassl on the ujaper Rio Negro at an elevation of 800 m. — atlas Bob. Forewing of the o rather narrow, 

 apex more pointed, distal margin of both wings more strongly undulate than in the preceding, otherwise similar 

 on the upper surface to epimetheus. Costal area of the forewing broadly grey-brown, towards the end of 

 the cell but little narro^'ed and distally to this again widened as far as the middle discocellular, the blue-grey 

 basal dusting behind the cell on the contrary somewhat reduced. Beneath the striation and other markings 

 more sparse, the dark curved transverse line behmd the cell being absent or only weakly indicated and the 

 space immediately behind the distal half of the cell and part of the cell itself only c[uite finely watered with 

 gold-yellow. Consequently the upper surface, on which the dark markings show tlu'ough in the whitish areas, 

 is purer white beyond the cell as far as the posterior median vein. On the hindwing the blue reflection weaker 

 and only extending to towards the end of the cell and towards the hinder angle. At the distal margin occa- 

 sionally a further c^uite faint bluish gloss perceptible in places. On the under surface the ground-colour more 

 white or bluish white, but the striation coarser and darker, the curved bands near the distal margin as a rule 

 only indistinct or not developed at all, the posterior eye-spot mostly somewhat smaller than in the pi'eceding. 

 Ecuador. 



C. memnon may be regarded as the most northerly Caligo form, is at home exclusively in the Central 

 American and Colombian-Venezuelan subregions of the Caligo area and southwards apparently does not occur 

 even in Ecuador, ynemnon is considered one of the commonest butterflies of Mexico and Guatemala and is re- 

 presented in every consignment from the tropical parts of those countries. Nothwithstanding this we have no 

 memnon. information concerning the early stages, memnon Fldr. Under surface of the forewing mostly only sparsety striated 

 in the cell. In addition to some irregular dark brown zigzag and undulate lines and some brownish clouding 

 thesurfaceof the wing is finely watered with reddish yellow, sparingly beyond the cell. The dark nebulous band 



