HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 383 



ing, the apex being always immaculately black as in typical fortunalus; on the forewing the hMiion-yellow 

 band somewhat steeper and naiTO-wer; the'hindwing very bright rufous, with narrow median band and narrow, 

 black, inwardly frayed termen. 



H. ennius Weym. {14, a), from Amazonas, is black, yellowish-brown and lemon-yellow, the colours being ennius. 

 distributed very much as in the preceding ; but it is easily distinguished by the band of the forewing being steeper, 

 slightly curved and not so close to the termen at tbe iniddle. It is followed by a subapical row of small 

 white spots, and again, immediately before the termen, a series of pale spots, rather complete in the typical 

 form, but interrupted or entirely obsolete in the much blacker forin nigrofasciatus Weym. (74 a) from the Rio nigrofascia- 

 Madeira; this latter has also tlie curved lemon-yellow transverse band reduce<l by the increased black colour- '"^' 

 ing, with its inner edge irregularly defined. But the hindwings are in both forms alike, having a rather broad, 

 isolated, distally dentate median band and the termen inwardly deeply dentate, broad, with white terminal spots 

 arranged in pairs. 



H. quitalena displays in its tvincal form a pattern which is somewhat different from that of the hi- 

 therto described forms; the ground-colour of quitalena Hew. (73 f) is not bean-yellow or ochreous-brown.' but quitalena. 

 a brillant orange-red; the black apical area of the forewings contains two lemon-yellow macular bands 

 placed at about ecjual distance from the termen, from tlie red discus and from one another; on the hindwinga 

 greatly reduced, although contiguous, median band, and white terminal spots, arranged in pairs on the narrow 

 black terminal border. — In felix Weym. (74 b) from Bolivia and Peru the forewing has in addition on the ter- felix. 

 men a third row of spots, and the median band of the hindwing is broken u]i iirto small black wedges. — con- consors. 

 sors Weym.. (74 b), although on the whole more black, has the markings still thin enough not to interfere with 

 the brillant fidvous ground-colour. But on the forewings the light apical spots are greatly reduced, being only re- 

 presented by one row and traces of a second; like the preceding, from Peru and Bolivia. — sisyphus Snlv. sisyphus. 

 from Peru resembles felix. but has the ground-colour didler ;i,nd darker, the transverse Ijand of the forewing 

 not sulphur-yellow, but like the ground-colour. — • jonas Weym.. likewise from Peru, also resembles felix, but jonas. 

 with deep yellow -brown' ground-colour and the black markings diminished to such a degree that they do not 

 encroach upon ti.e oblique band which is broadly and uninterruptedly yellow. — versicolor Weym. (74 b) from versicolor. 

 the Rio Madeira is at once distinguished by the ochreous spots on the apex of the forewing, which latter 

 appears in consequence mottled with brown, black and lemon-yellow, recalling dilatus (73 e). 



H. anderida. The forms which are referred to this group, differ greatly in colouring and markings from 

 each other, and it is probable that the study of their anatomical structure which unfortunately has not been 

 made as yet, will separate some of them. The name-type anderida Heir. (73f) is bright red-brown, with the anderida. 

 basal area of the forewing brillant fulvous. Both the apical and transverse bands break up into a number of 

 isolated pale spots; the submedian band a fine line, the median band of the hindwing narro\\'. The species 

 has a wide range extending from Venezuela to Colombia, and in Central America to Honduras, but seems 

 rather local. ■ — Quite a different aspect is presented by Clara F. (= melicerta Bat.) (73 f) from Guayana, clara. 

 Colombia and Panama, which undoidjtedly has undergone some mimetic change that has rendered it so unlike 

 the type. Ground-colour much duller brown, the forewing with very slightly spotted, broadly black apex and 

 an irregular oblicpie band dissected by the discocellular spot; hindwing without any median band, but with 

 broadly black termen. It associates with the very similar Melinaea idae (33 c), Mechanitis macrinus (34 b) and 

 Callithomia heronilla (36 c). — semiphorus f^tgr. from Colombia resembles clara, but has on the hindwing the semvphonis. 

 terminal border narrower, with a median band branching off from it at the apex, dissolving into spots towards 

 the middle. — holcophorus Stgr. (74 b) from Colombia reapproaches the type again, but the median band is'Jiolcoplmru^. 

 very brillant lemon-yellow, irregularly dentate, but only reaching to the lower median nervule, where it is sharply 

 separated from the dull rufous ground-colour. — annetta Biff., likewise from Colombia, has the forewings annctla. 

 marked as in anderida, whereas the hindwings display the pecidiar pattern of semiphorus. — albucilla Bat. from albucilla. 

 Panama exactly resembles anderida, but the apical spots and the oblique band are white instead of yellow. 

 — zuleika Heir. (74 c) from Central America has undergone such a complete mimetic change tiiat it is hard zulcika. 

 to believe it to be the same species as anderida. Although of larger size, it closely resamblcs the (in Central 

 America) so greatly favoured models of Cnllitlioinia, Lezia (36 b), Ceratinia callispila (35 a) and Dircenna cele- 

 mia (37 c). Forew ing deep black, dusted with red-brown at base and inner margin, the apex heavily spotted 

 with yellow or white, the latter form being ab. albipunctata Riff., especially found on the Volcano Chiricpii. — aBipunc- 

 chrysantis Godm. and Salv. from Nicaragua has on tiie forewing the spots united into a chain, and the cell of "j^rLnntis. 

 the hindwings traversed by a sulphur-yellow band. — xanthica Bat. from Panama resembles zuleika (74 c), .ranthica. 

 but has not oirly the basal area of the forewing, but its entire inner half brown, even the black discocellular 

 spot being .surrounded by the brown ground. — jucunda Bat., likewise from Panama, is like xanthica, but has jucunda. 

 the ground-colour darker brown, with white, instead of yellow, apical spots. — A completely black ground- 

 colour we find in fornarina Hew. (74 c) from Guatemala, only interrupted on the forewing by the apical spots fomarim. 

 and the brillant lemon-yellow, strongly dentate transverse band. — discomaculatus Weym. is in a way inter- disromncu- 

 mediate between zuleika and fornarina (74 c); resembling the latter, but with brown hindwings and similar 



