388 HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



8.t the lower median nervule as in phyllis. but extends somewhat beyond it. Underneath the hindwing lacks the 

 yellowish-Avhite apical spots, some of which are always found in phyllis. The figured specimens has been set espe- 

 cially high on purpose in order to show the silky grey-white costal area of the hindwings. Central and Southern 

 Brazil. 

 bescMei. H. beschkei Men. (76 c) closely resembles the preceding above, but may be at once recogmzed by the red line 



bordering the termen of the hindwings. Southern and Central BrazH, from Sa. Catharina (f. i. Blumenau) to 

 Espiritu Santo. 



atthis. H. atthis Dbl. and Heu\ (76 e) from Ecuador mimics Tithorea pavonii (32 b) with which it is found in 



the same localities, to such a degree that only the transverse streak of the hindwing remains to point out its 

 relationship M'ith the hitherto mentioned species; the forewings are spotted with white. 



crispus. H. crispus Stgr. resembles the preceding ; but since it is found in the Ca,uca Valley of Colombia, it 



does not mimic the Ecuador species Tithorea pavonii, but the Cauca form descandollesi of Tith. homplandi. 

 It is larger than atthis, and the hindwings have besides the oblique band two rows of yellow dots. Described 

 from Antioquia. 



hecuba. H. hccuha Heiv. (76 d) likewise mimics a Tithorea of the humboldti-grou^ ; this form has the band of 



choarina. the hindwing pretty regular. — In choarina Heu\ from Ecuador, captured by Haen.sch in January at an alti- 

 tude of about 4800ft., the band is rather dull yellow, placed nearer the termen and t0,pering strongly towards the 

 tolima. oval margin. — The lovely tolima Fassl, a wonderfully exact copy of Tith. bomplandi (32 b) both above and on 

 the most complicated under surface, was discovered by Fa.s.sl on Monte Tolima in Colombia. The forewings 

 lack the pale median band, and on the hindwing the band is rather curved and narrower at either end. — 

 Cassandra, cassandra Fldr. (76 e) differs above but slightly from tolima in that on the hindwing the apical and anal spots of 

 the yellow band do not grow suddenly smaller than those in the middle. 



hecalesia. H. hecalesia Hew. (76 e). This Columbian form which is not at all scarce in the Cauca Valley, copies 



a Tithorea with brown marked upper surface of the hinduings, flying with it in the same localities and at tho 

 same time. Thus it resembles in colouring a whole group of Danaids, of wluch we only mention Ceratinia peridia 

 {35 d) 3.ndCallithomiatridactyla{36h). As it is a most exact co\)y oi Tithorea hecalesina (32 c),iurther descrip- 



formosus. tion is unnecessary. — In Central America its place is talten by the form formosus Bat. (76 f) which, particu- 

 larly in Costa Rica, flies together with the similar Tith. pinthias (32 b). From its Columbian ally it differs in the 

 same way as the Central-American Tith. pinthias from the Columbian Tith. hecalesina, having nearly the entire 



gynaesia. hindwing, with the exception of the black termen, brillant red-brown. — gynaesia Heir, (habitat not known) has 

 forewings like hecalesia, but on the hindwings the red-brown colouring is confined to a broad median band 

 encroaching upon the end of the cell and preceded by a row of yellow submarginal spots. — ■ These forms 

 are less common than most other species of Heliconius, or are less often captured since they do not descend 

 to the ground. 



odavia. H. octavia Bat. resembles gynaesia; on the forewing the spots are united into short oblique bands; 



above and below the median vein brown stripes. Central America. 



longarena. H.^longarena Hew. Like the preceding, but larger, the wings more elongate, the median vein and 



entire hindwing crossed by very brillant red brown bands, the yeUow submarginal spots divided longitudinally 

 by the black veins. Colombia. 



godmani. H. godmatli Stgr. from Colombia differs from gynaesia in having also in the cell on the forewing a yellow 



spot, whereas in gynaesia all the spots are distributed over the apical area without entering the cell. 



metharme. H. tnethartne Erichs. {= tlietis Bsd., methame Ky., erato Salv. and Godm.) (76 f). Above black witli a 



bone-white semi-band across the cell and before the apex. Both above and beneath some characteristic white 

 longitudinal dashes before the termen of the hindwing. Occurs throughout northern South America, but ratlier 

 singly. 



'o' 



aoede. H. aoede Hhn. (76 f) resembles, like the members of the following group, at first sight the forms of the 



aglaope and thelxiope-gicou-ps, but the spots and streaks are quite different. In the aglaope-groui) which is figured 

 on PI. 75, c, d and e, we find on the hindwing, obliquely traversing the cell, a red band from the margin 

 of which nail-shaped rays radiate toward the termen; here, however, the system of rays as a rule foUows the 

 ve'ins; the cell is filled with red, the red .streaks starting from its periphery. The tj^jical aoede (76 f) has an 

 aggregate of lemon-yellow, deeply frayed discal spots, the base of the forewing and the ray-like streaks 



