394 HELICONIUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



don-iiia. Bolivia. — donatia' Fruhsf. from Matto-Grosso looks like venusta, but has the yellow discal spots behind the cell 

 longer, the red basal stripes on the forewings shorter, those of the hindwing more brillant red, widening towards 



anactorie. the anal angle. — anactorie Dbl. has the yellow discal spot dusted with red distally. Bolivia. — In san- 



sanguinea. guinea Stgr., likewise from Bolivia, this discal spot is entirely brick-red or vermillion. — Riffaeth mentions 



a specimen from Rio Juntas (Bolivia) in which the discal spot confluesces with the red base to form a single 



confluens. large blotch of red: = ab. confluens noni. nov. — Some forms have on the hindwing the red rays intersected 



anacrcon. by the yellow band characteristic of phyllis: = anacreon Sm. and Ky. (78 e), with red, — ottonis Riff. (78 e) 

 ottonis. T^Tfiiix vellow discal band of the fore wing; both from Bolivia and Peru. — The name-type phyllis F. (= ro- 

 xane Cr., phyllus Prittw.) (78 f) ranges from Argentina and Paraguay throughout Southern Brazil to Peru, 

 northward to far beyond Rio de Janeiro; it is, next to narcaeus, the form most frequently seen in Europe. 

 Extremely common, especially on the coast, in Rio, Santos etc., it lends a wonderful charm to the landscape. 

 Everywhere, on roads, in openings in the forest, near wood-fellers' camps, even in the yards and gardens, they 

 may be seen flying, or resting on some flower, and often shrubs with quite insignificant blossoms are covered 

 with the gaudily-coloured fhyllis, — frequently accompanied by the much more wary Colaenis julia and Dione 

 vanillae — , to such a degree that they appear to be in full bloom. The odour of phyllis is probably the most 

 penetrating and disagreeable which I have noticed in any Heliconius. The thorax being crushed this odour 

 may be "perceived in the open air even at a distance of 10 yards; it reminds one of the smell emitted hy many 

 of our European Pompilids and Ichneumonids, perceived f. i. when one crushes or rubs the thorax of the road- 

 wasp (Psammophila) or of a large Trogus lutorius; at least it struck me that way at the time when I 

 examined in Brazil the Heliconids as to their odour, phyllis flies in Rio and Santos the year round, appearing 

 particularly fresh after heavy rains, but becoming comparatively scarce in January and February, at which 

 time one meets at Santos only worn specimens. At that time the Nymphalid Eresia lansdorfi (91 a) is 

 pretty common, a species which, — curiously enough — , does not copy a fresh, but a worn and faded phyllis. 

 arlifex. — Of other forms belonging to the phyllis grouTp we mention: ab. artifex *S'ficA., from Southern Brazil and Para- 



phyllidis. guay, distinguished by some red dots b^low the yellow band on the hindwing. — ab. phyllidis Sm. (78 f ) has on 

 the hindwing the yellow band shortened, especially near the inner margin, and dissected by the black vein. 



amaia. — In aiiiata Stgr. this band is even more heavily obscured, and at the same time the yellow median streak 

 of the forewing is obsolete. Bolivia. — The larva of the typical phyllis from Southern Brazil exactly re- 

 sembles the figure of melpomene given us by Sepp (PI. 4). Head with 2 longer horns; the first segment with 2, 

 the second with 4, the following with 6 spines each. Pupa brown, with very fine, long dorsal spines and 

 3 silvery spots on either side of the thorax. Head with 2 short ear-shaped horns which are covered with spines. 



liermathena. H. hermathena Hew. (78 f ) appears to combine the markings of phyllis and charithonia, resembling the 



latter in the hindwing and in the basal half of the forewing ; f ore^^'ing with a red oblique band in the outer 

 half, differing somewhat from that of phyllis in shape as in colouring, being minium-red, not blood-red as in 

 phyllis. From the Amazon. Good specimens are rather rare in European collections. 



charithonia. H. charithonia L. (79 a). This species, known in North America as the "Zebra butterfly", is the only 



Heliconius found in the United states and the Antilles. A median band, angled upwards, a subapical and apical 

 oblique band, on the hindwiirgs the characteristic phyllis-ha.nd and a partially double row of dots are pale yellow. 

 Very common throughout the Gulf-States, Antilles, and from Mexico to Coloinbia and Venezuela, but at the 

 most northerly limits of its range, as in Texas, Georgia and Florida, only locally abundant. — In Peru we find a 

 peruviana, dwarfed form having the bands of the forewing reduced: peruviana Fldr. (79 a); occurs at Lima and at the 

 landing-places in Oallao; in Ecuador Haensch took it at an elevation of 2500 ft. above the sea. 



naitereri. H, nattereri Fldr. (78 f). This species I have never seen alive, and if the habitat "Bahia" refers 



to our Bahia of to-day, the full name of which is San Salvador de Bahia de todos os Santos", it must be very 

 scarce indeed; for I have never taken a single specimen, although I collected near there in January, Fe- 

 bruary, AprU, July, August, October and November. Also in collections one sees it but rarely, and all the known 

 specimens are cJcJ ; they differ from charithonia in having on the hindwing the yellow band broader and the ter- 

 miiial dots suppressed; on the forewing both oblique bands are replaced by a broad irregular discal spot. 

 — A number of ?? distinguished from nattereri by having the median bands dusted with brown, were descri- 

 iruhstorferi. bed as fruhstorferi Riff. Possibly they represent a variety or even the normal $$ of nattereri. If the locality 

 is correct, the species seems to range in Eastern Brazil from Bahia south to Rio grande do Sul. 



ielesiphe. H. telesiphe Dbl. (79 c, d), from Peru and Bolivia, has on the forewing a pinkish-purple subapical 



and transverse band, oir the hindwing a white median band which in fresh specimens has a bluish shade. The 



