400 COLAENIS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



grey-brown, the markings dark when young, paler when^full grown. Some specimens ringed with dark brown 

 like many Cethosias. Lives on Passiflora. The pupa resembles in general those of Heliconius, but lacks the 

 wing-shaped appendages at the head, and the spines are replaced by blunt projections. Its colour is grey, 

 marked with darker, the humps partly black, partly white; segment 1, 3 and 4 with silvery spots. The imago 

 is always met with singly, although it does not anywhere appear to be scarce. It visits flowers, and I have 

 seen it on Monte Corcovado near Rio associate with the quite similarly coloured Victorina steneles. 



4. Geiiiis: C'Olaeuim Hb7i. 



The three species comprising this genus are all characterized by the fiery orange-red colouring of the up- 

 per surface which is bordered and bandtd with black. Structurally they differ in the course of the subcostal 

 nervules so much that it is impossible to applj' a general scheme. They are for the most part extremelj' common 

 and may be considered as characteristic of the Neotropical Fauna, because they are as a rule the first 

 large, brightly coloured butterflies greeting the new-comer on his arrival in South America. They rather remind 

 us of the Argynmnae which are connected with this group by the next following genus Dione. Their separation 

 from Dione is an artificial one, one species displaying on the under surface of the hindwings some traces of 

 silver. The larva closely resembles that of Metamor-pha, feeding, like these, on Passiflorae. Pupa very much 

 like those of our Argynnis, with a deep dej^ression at the back, the head ending in a blunt conical point, the 

 abdominal segments with dorsal projections.- — -The imago has as a rule a very rapid fhght, holding the wings 

 wide open when sipping on flowers. They fly the whole year round and often assemble at certain places 

 in enormous numbers. 



Julia. C. Julia F. ( = 'alcionea CV., luteus Goeze) (84 b). From Texas in North America throughout Central 



and South x\merica to Peru and Paraguay; also in the West Indies. ^ above brillant fiery red, typical speci- 

 mens sUghtly obscured at the base. From the costa at the middle a black oblique band to the black termen; 

 5 with an additional black streak from the base of the fore wing through the sub median area to the anal angle. 



litio. Under surface buff, with whitish spots at the anal angle, edged with fuscous. — The Bolivian form titio Stick. 

 has according to its author in the (^ the ground-colour suffused with fiery red, a peculiarity occasionally 



delila. shared by Brazilian specimens. — delila F. lacks on the forewings the black subajDical streak, and the ground- 

 colour is frequently more buff. From Central America, the north-coast of Colombia and Venezuela, and the 

 moderaki. Went Indies outside of Cuba. — ab. moderata Stick. Dull ochreous, the black markings reduced; found 

 cillene. together with the typical form. — cillene Cr. (84 b) is the form from Cuba; paler red, the forewing without 

 nudeola. the black marginal border, the transverse band only indicated at the costa. — nudeola Stick, is related to 

 cillene in the same way as moderata is with the type ; ground-colour dull buff. — • Larva pale grey or grey-brown, 

 the incisions darker, the fore part of the head marked with darker, the spines blackish ; on Passiflora vesper- 

 tilionis, P. ichtyura etc. Pupa coloured like the caterpillar, pale grey or pa,le yellowish -brown, with whitish 

 projections and darker markings. Very common throughout eastern Brazil; in many localities one may see 

 flowering shrubs just covered with these butterflies so that at a tlistance they appear as if adorned with fii-e- 

 lilies. Their fUght is very rapid; when resting they hold the wings widely expanded. 



phaetma. C. phaetusa L. (= phaerusa L.) (84 c). q fiery red, $ greyish red, the black markings as in dido. Oc- 



stupenda. curring from Central America to Argentina and Peru, but only locally, and in many places scarce. — stupenda 

 Stick. (84 c) refers according to its author to jaarticularly brillant red siiecimens (probably only ^(^1) said to 

 deleta. be found in Panama. — • In deleta Stick, the bands are said to be quite faded. — lutulenta Stick, refers to $$ 

 lutulenta. \yH\x dull yellow ground-colour; their home is "Paraguay and Dutch Guayana". This species has not develo- 

 ped any good subspecies. In contradistinction to the jDreceding which frequent roads and dry slopes, it inhabits 

 the moist plains which it never seems to leave. Its flight is quite different from that of julia, much slower, 

 the motion of the wings more irregular. Nothing is known of the earlier stages. 



euchroia. C. eucluoia Dbl.-Hew. (84 c). Upper surface, particularly in ^, marked and coloured like the preceding, 



but underneath the colour resembles that of a dried-up, shriveled leaf, with a slight trace of silver. Widely 



distributed, and very common, from Venezuela and Colombia to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. — ■ Specimens 



mellosa. with dull buff ground-colour, especially common at higher altitudes in Colombia and Ecuador, are ab. mellosa 



telesiphe. Stick. (84 d). — telesiphe Hew. (84 d), from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, has on the hindwing a yellow longi- 

 tudinal band, on the forewing two bands of minium red. Occurs together with the similarly coloured Heliconius 

 tiOiraustes. telesiphe (79c). — tithraustes Salv. (84 d), closely resembling the preceding, found together with Helic. sotericus 

 (79 c), it has the band on the hindwing bluish instead of yellow. Underneath all the forms resemble one another, 

 but vary much individually and according to the locality. They are not very scarce, but are confined to certain 

 localities, where the corresponding if e/tco/WM5 also abound; at least I have never received any from elsewhere. 



