ARGYNNIS. By Dr. Th. Lehmann. 411 



described from specimens taken at Rocky Canon. Hulst, who later on collected a larger number in Maple 

 Gulch, about 12 miles to the South of Prescott, Arizona, writs about it: "The cJ^J ajjpear in the beginning 

 of July, the $$ not until the middle of the month. The whole countrj' is indescribably wild and rough; 

 everywhere deep ravines, the sides often rising 1000 ft. perpendicidarly. On the border of the brooks strea- 

 ming through the caiioii there grow large quantites of a white blossoming species of violet, very similar 

 to the eastern Viola canadensis, near which one may be certain to find A. nausicaa, but only at the very 

 bottom of the cafion and always on the north side of the brooks. Sometimes they woidd alight on the 

 blossoms of Asclepias tubei'csa, others would sip the moistui'e from some damp spot warmed by the rays of the 

 sun, becoming an easy prey. But to capture any on the wing, was almost impossible, in that path- and trackless 

 wilderness covered with thornbushes". We have no knowledge of the earlier stages. 



A. atlantis Edir. (85 e) rejilaces in the northern Atlantic states of North America A. aphrodite with allantis. 

 which it associates in Central New York and New Jersey, the southern limit of its range of distribution. It is 

 smaller than aphrodite and cybele, and may be distinguished from them by the relatively longer and narrower 

 forewings, the moderatelj' arched costal margin, the deeper brown colour of the upper surface, especially 

 at the base of both wings, and of the under surface of the hindwings. Both sexes liave the parallel marginal 

 black lines broad and very distinct, and, especially on the forewings from apex to lower median, confluent. 

 cj has on both wings the terminal spots frequently confluent, and joined to the inner marginal line. The spots 

 in the discal row on the hindwings narrow, uniteil with cme aaother to form a sort of thin, angled band. 

 Underside of forewings reddish, of the liindwing.:i darker reddish-brown than in aphrodite, the inner % plainly 

 clouded with greenish- or brown-grey. The submarginal band b^'tween the two outer rows of spots pale yellow, 

 holding in extent the middle between aphrodite and cybele, but mostly sharply defined. All the sjiots large 

 and strongly silvered, likewise the basal part of the costa and the abdominal margin. 5 more yellowish, 

 broadly bordered with black. Expanse: cJ 1,8 — ■■2,2o", $ 2,2 — 2,8". — ■ Egg conoidal, with 12 — 14 vertical 

 ribs, honey-yellow; the caterpillars are hatched in fall, hibernating without feeding. When mature, the larva 

 is above velvety blackish-violet, underneath somewhat paler; the sjiines arranged in 6 rows, black with grey 

 base. Pupa pale brown, mottled with black, the abdominal segments excepted. The range of atlantis coincides 

 in the South with that of aphrodite and cybele, but extends much farther to the North, through Maine to 

 New foundland, Labrador and Hudson Bay, in the West to Winnipeg and the Rockies. Mead also mentions 

 Colorado, but specimens from thence are described as a separate species electa Edw. In the North it is much 

 smaller than in New York and New Jersey. It is rather an alpine species, comparatively scarce in the open country 

 where a^j/^rof/iie is most common. It is jjarticularly abundant in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, where 

 aphrodite does not occur at all, at the end of July and in the beginning of August. In Centi-al New York, in the 

 Adirondacks and CatskiUs, it appears as early as the middle of June, rather earlier than aphrodite; common 

 on wooded meadows. CToing south, it is found in the mountainous part of Western Pennsylvania and in the 

 Alleghanies as far as West Virginia. 



A. lais Edw. (86 b) is closely allied to atlantis, but of smaller size and paler colour, q above bright lais. 

 reddish-brown, slightly obscured by fuscous at the base; the black markings uncommonly faint; the discal 

 band on both wings broken up into irregular spots and streaks. Under surface of forewings light cinnamon-red, 

 grey-yellowish at the apex, and pale red at base aiad inner margin, lighter toward the imier ajigle. The upper 

 submarginal as well as the subajjical spots silvered. Under surface of hindwings from base to beyond the se- 

 cond, discal row of silvery spots dark brown, mottled with yellow. Submarginal band pale yellow, moderately 

 broad; all the spots small and well silvered. 5 somewhat paler than (^, with base moi'e obscured, all the 

 markings heavier, on the hindwings the marginal lines more or less confluent; the mesial band on the 

 forewings broad and continuous; the areas enclosed between the sagittate submarginal spots and the terminal 

 lines in the (J paler, almost whitish. Expanse : ^ 2,0", $ 2,2". The earlier stages are not known. — ■ lais 

 was first described from specimens captured by Capt. G. Geddes in the beginning of Jidy 1883 near Edmonton 

 on the prairies of the Saskatchewan River in northern Alberta; mentioned also from the mountains and the 

 lower hills of eastern British Colombia. But while in these localities it seems rather scarce, its centre of distribu- 

 tion lies, according to Thos. A. Bean, much farther East; for be found it ratiier abundant near Mc. Lean in 

 eastern Assiniboia, about 500 miles to the East of Geddes' locality. 



A. oweni Edw. (87 a), o npper surface dull reddish -fulvous, very slightly obscured at the base; the black oweni. 

 markings moderately heavy, the Uvo terminal lines more or less confluent. Lender surface of the forewings 

 brownish-yellow from the base to the outer row of spots, sometimes suffused with reddish. Veins reddish- 

 brown. Subapical spots deep brown, enclosing a small, silvered spot; the anterior 5 submarginal .sjjots small 

 and very faintly silvered. The hindwings have the discal and basal areas dark bro\\n, strongly clouded with 



